首页
登录
职称英语
Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship
Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship
游客
2024-06-06
13
管理
问题
Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’s progress in the ability to learn from experience.
Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer. All a programmer has to do is to give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in chess-- literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be, given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.
Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation —in a word, to "think" for itself. In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.
There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted, winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it. But there are many serious human problems, which can be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems --international and interpersonal relations, ecology and economics, and the ever-increasing threat of world famine can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers. [br] According to the passage, computers can not be used to ______.
选项
A、solve the threat of world famine
B、ease international tension
C、defeat world champion chess player
D、work out solutions to the industrial problems
答案
D
解析
在文章最后一段的最后两句“Other problems—international and interpersonal relations,ecology and economics,and the ever-increasing threat of world famine —can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers”作者认为许多的国际问题,人事问题,环境和经济问题以及不断增加的世界性的饥荒问题,都可以在计算机和人类的共同努力下得以解决,该题的题于是问计算机不能做什么事情,所以根据上面两句话,我们就可以排除A和B,因为A表示计算机不能帮助解决世界饥荒问题,而B表示计算机不能解决国际关系紧张问题。而文章第三段第三句“Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players,but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks”则表明计算机还没打败过世界冠军,但是已经打败了级别很低的一些选手,根据这样的叙述,答案C也可以被排除。因此我们选Dwork out solutions to the industrial problems。因为文章中并没有提及计算机能帮着解决工业上的问题。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3622357.html
相关试题推荐
Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionship
Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionship
Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionship
Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nos
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
Mostpeople’sjobsarelikelytobeeffectedbycomputers【S1】______
随机试题
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommitte
[originaltext]"Damageisexpectedtototalintothetensofmillionsofdol
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26whicharebasedonReading
Londonersaregreatreaders.Theybuyvastnumbersofnewspapersandmagazin
以下构成跨期套利的是()。A、买入LME5月铜期货,一天后卖出LME6月铜期货B、买入上海期货交易所5月铜期货,同时卖出上海期货交易所6月铜期货C
规模较大院校应设置总会计师,协助分管财务副校(院)长主持学校的财经工作。()
对著作权侵权行为人的行政处罚包括( )等。A.罚款 B.剥夺政治权利 C.
下列关于抵押的说法中,正确的是()。A.抵押期间,抵押人未通知抵押权人转让抵
甲急需20万元从事养殖,向农村信用社贷款时被信用社主任乙告知,一个身份证只能贷款
校验3~110kV高压配电装置中的导体和电器的动稳定、热稳定以及电器的短路开断电
最新回复
(
0
)