首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
游客
2024-06-05
18
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官撩主义) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (大城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastborne sprang up to house large. "Confinable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ______.
选项
A、the separation of capital from management
B、the participation of shareholders in municipal business
C、the emergence of capital and labor as two classes
D、the ownership of capital by managers
答案
A
解析
第二段中证明实行limited liability company 的体制将导致管理屋不接触资金。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3620866.html
相关试题推荐
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Forwelloveracentury,onestreetinNewYorkCityhasbeenknownforthe
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Hi!WelcometoRentalPropertyManagement,HowmayIhelpyou?
血糖浓度低于多少为低血糖症A.3.8mmol/L B.4.0mmol/L C
下列不属于耐火玻璃的是( )。 A、夹丝玻璃 B、耐热玻璃 C、多层
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
对于城市发展来说,下列哪项生产要素的供给无弹性?( )A.资本 B.劳动
封闭式基金只有申购价格。()
常用的事后控制方法有( )。A.风险转移 B.风险定价 C.风险资
某生产厂家为增值税一般纳税人。2020年12月销售A商品50台,每台售价(含税)
变造会计凭证的行为,是指用涂改、挖补等方法改变会计凭证真实内容的行为。()
根据《水工建筑物地下开挖工程施工规范》,相向开挖的两个工作面相距小于()m或(
最新回复
(
0
)