首页
登录
职称英语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlar
游客
2024-06-05
21
管理
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官撩主义) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (大城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastborne sprang up to house large. "Confinable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] It’s true of the family firms that______.
选项
A、they’ were spoiled by the younger generations
B、they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
C、they lacked efficiency
D、they lacked individual initiative
答案
C
解析
第一段中"An old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy(官僚主 ) of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so c
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3620865.html
相关试题推荐
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlar
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfoo
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
[originaltext]Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessive
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlan
Forwelloveracentury,onestreetinNewYorkCityhasbeenknownforthe
随机试题
"Youdon’thavetowaitforgovernmenttomove...thereallyfantasticthing
OnthemorningofMay90,1927,CharlesA.Lindberghtookofffromamuddyai
下列有关冬季施工增加费计算的表述中,不正确的是()。A.冬季施工增加费的计
动态网幅(Banner)广告的图像通常是______格式文件。A.BMP B.
甲亢术前准备,脉率应降至每分钟A.110次以下 B.90次以下 C.80次以
贷款分类的目标准备金是否充足提供依据不包括( )。A.揭示贷款的实际价值 B
关于语颤的描述,下列不正确的是A.发音强、音调低、胸壁薄者语颤强 B.左胸上部
教学认识的主体是教师。()
患者女,35岁。右下颌智牙反复肿痛伴开口受限2个月。抗感染治疗有效,但不能根治。
血糖葡萄糖耐量试验
最新回复
(
0
)