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[originaltext] According to sociologists, there are several different ways i
[originaltext] According to sociologists, there are several different ways i
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2024-06-04
27
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问题
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seams that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well being of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
选项
A、Person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B、Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C、A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D、Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
答案
A
解析
该题问“关于领导,下列哪项说法是可以从文中推断出来的?”文中提到“It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.”也就是说能胜任一个团体的领导任务是因为符合这个特定团体的要求,换一个团体情况也会不同。因此,A项“在一个特定团体领导有效的人在另一团体不一定能有故领导”符合题意,是正确答案。
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