首页
登录
职称英语
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and grou
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and grou
游客
2024-06-03
16
管理
问题
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meaning of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
For much of recent western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.
In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that "health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease" (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically and not just in physical terms.
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyles and behavior of the individual. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from it. This was largely because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.
During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyles factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. It was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa. People from 38 countries attended the meeting and reached an agreement about the creation of health. It is clear from their agreement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. It must include addressing issues as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation and poor working conditions. The social, economical and environmental contexts which contribute to the creation of health do not operate separately or independently of each other. Rather, they are interacting and interdependent, and it is the complex interrelationships between them which determine the conditions that promote them. [br] The approach to health during the 1970s included the introduction of health ______ programs.
选项
答案
promotion/awareness
解析
第四段第三句讲到促进健康不仅要提供医疗服务,还要引入帮助人们了解和保持健康的行为和生活方式的健康增进计划和政策(Creating health meant providing not only medical health care,but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles.),因此可见此处要填写的答案是“promotion”。当然根据理解,要引入的是帮助人们了解和保持健康生活方式的项目或计划,所以此处也可以填写“awareness”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3617545.html
相关试题推荐
Itishightimethat______(我们尝试不同的方法解决经济危机).wetrieddifferentapproachesto
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeople
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeople
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeople
Theconceptofhealthholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeopleandgrou
Theconceptofhealthholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeopleandgrou
Theconceptofhealthholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeopleandgrou
Theconceptofhealthholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeopleandgrou
[originaltext]Somepeoplehaveverygoodmemories,andcaneasilylearnqui
[originaltext]Somepeoplehaveverygoodmemories,andcaneasilylearnqui
随机试题
Faces,likefingerprints,are【C1】______Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibl
[originaltext]W:Canyourecognizeme,David?M:Why,areyouMargaret?W:Sure
患者女性,30岁。间断胸痛、气促2个月。B超诊断为肥厚型梗阻性心肌病,宜选用的治
当社会总供给大于总需求时,政府可实施的财政政策措施有()。 Ⅰ.增加财政
基金份额持有人的权利有( )。A.决定基金扩募或者延长基金合同期限 B.转让
属于单树脂的药材是A.乳香 B.血竭 C.阿魏 D.没药 E.松香
初步鉴定为Hp菌的依据为A.革兰阴性杆菌,氧化酶试验阳性,脲酶试验24h阳性B.
国务院和地方各级人民政府用于实施义务教育财政拨款的增长比例应当()财政经常性收
下列选项中,()需求能够充分展现残疾人“自我生命意义”和“奉献社会”的功能
A
最新回复
(
0
)