首页
登录
职称英语
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A
游客
2024-05-29
4
管理
问题
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints that gorillas may have "theory of mind"--the capacity to attribute mental states to others.
Richard Byrne and Joanne Tanner of St. Andrews University in the UK videoed gorillas at San Francisco Zoo. As well as engaging with a toy and another gorilla, the animals seemed aware of how their playmate was interacting with the toy. "The gorillas could encourage their playmates when they were losing interest by losing the game, if necessarily," says Byrne.
This is the first time animals have been observed following a playmate’s interaction with a third object a skill picked up by humans at 9 months old. If you thought your pet dog does this, you’re wrong. With dogs, cats, lions and bears the animal wants to win the game, rather than keep it going. Byrne says," This is different to throwing a stick for your pet dog."
Because the gorillas seem to be taking account of the thoughts of others. They are showing some theory of mind competence, says Byrne, although they do not pass a theory-of-mind test called the false belief test, which looks at the ability to infer another’s perspective.
In the false belief test, two individuals are shown playing with a toy, before placing it in a box. After one of them leaves the room, the other person moves the toy and places it in a bag. When the first person re-turns to the room, where will they look for the toy? Those with theory of mind--the ability to infer another’s perspective will know that the first person will look in the box. Children younger than 4 or 5 have yet to develop theory of mind and think the person will look in the bag in the false belief test. Similar false belief tests that don’t require language can be set up for animals.
Felix Warneken at Harvard University agrees the study provides "promising evidence" for collaborative behaviour in gorillas. However, Josep Call, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, says he has seen this behaviour in chimpanzees before.
Iona Stewart at ZSL London Zoo, who has been looking after captive gorillas for 13 years, says there is "no question" that gorillas have theory of mind. "Anyone who spends time with gorillas will have known this for years," she says. "Not a day goes by when you don’t see some examples of this sort of behaviour." The typical gorilla’s sense of humour, Stewart says, is schadenfreud. One gorilla she knew would poke a stick at strangers then look the other way and laugh. "If they could whistle, they’d be whistling, but they’re not quite clever enough to get away with it." [br] A gorilla will lose games deliberately to ______.
选项
A、persuade his friends to keep playing with him
B、prove his "theory of mind"
C、attribute mental states to others
D、continue the game with his partners
答案
D
解析
细节辨认题。本段开头指出想让游戏继续下去的大猩猩可能会故意输掉游戏。故大猩猩故意输掉比赛是为了“与它的玩伴继续玩游戏”。因此答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3610245.html
相关试题推荐
Urgingboredfriendstokeepplayingwithyouisnotlimitedtohumans.A
Urgingboredfriendstokeepplayingwithyouisnotlimitedtohumans.A
Growingup,Iearnedmybestmarksforplayingwellwithothers.Formyhu
Growingup,Iearnedmybestmarksforplayingwellwithothers.Formyhu
Growingup,Iearnedmybestmarksforplayingwellwithothers.Formyhu
[originaltext]TodayisarathersaddayforoneoftheLondon’soldfriends
Inthepoem,hedepictedthehappy________ofgirlsplayingonaswinginearly
Idon’tlikeplayingpiano,forIfelt______todowhatIwasunwillingtodo
Hisstrangebehaviorgreatly________meandmyfriendsaswellthatevening.A、p
Hecarriesoutalotof______onhisfriendswholenthimmoney.A、alienB、client
随机试题
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeac
Shestartedinthebathroom.Sheputtheshavingbrush,thedisposablerazor,
Americansarestillchucklingaboutthe"pantssuit".Aman—ajudge,noless
北京的天坛(theTempleofHeaven)建于明代永乐年间,与紫禁城差不多同时完工(1420年)。永乐皇帝由南京迁都北京,他所做的一件重要的事就
题目的左边4个图形呈现一定的规律。根据这种规律,你需要在右边所给出的备选答案中选
下列不属于绩效审计中的定性分析方法的是:A、内容分析法 B、程序分析法
评价指标“表观分布容积”可用英文缩写表示为A.CL B.Cmax C.AUC
教师职业倦怠的核心成分不包括()。A.情绪衰竭 B.去人性化 C.发展动力缺
关于义务教育,以下说法错误的是( )。A.妨碍义务教育实施,造成重大社会影响的
甲与乙签订了一份合同,约定由丙向甲履行债务,现丙履行债务的行为不符合合同的约定,
最新回复
(
0
)