首页
登录
职称英语
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the countr
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the countr
游客
2024-05-16
25
管理
问题
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports, and exports (the balance of trade), the balance of payments includes private foreign loans (and interest); loans by governments, central banks, and international organizations; and movements of gold or reserve currencies.
An international medium of exchange is required for international trade. From the late 1800s until World War Ⅰ, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerable to short-term changes in the gold supply.
After the financial instability of the 1930s, the international monetary(货币的) system was rebuilt following World War Ⅱ on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the U. S. dollar; reserves were kept in dollars, which could be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund (IMF), a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient(接受的) countries, a frequently criticized practice.
The success of the gold-exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the United States in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance of payments deficits(赤字) lowered U. S. gold re serves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered(两极的) system was adopted. Government banks maintained fixed gold prices, while nongovernmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing rights (SDRs) were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes did not relieve strain on the U. S. dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard. [br] As a measure of money flow, the balance of payments differs from the balance of trade primarily because of its greater ______.
选项
A、specificity
B、accuracy
C、ability to predict future trends
D、comprehensiveness
答案
D
解析
细节题。由题干balance of payments定位到文章首段。该段讲到balance of payments(收支平衡)包括balance of trade(贸易平衡)、国外贷款、政府贷款等多项内容。因此,前者比后者内容广泛。而Dcomprehensiveness“全面的,广泛的”正合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3600199.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Differentcountriesanddifferentraceshavedifferentmanner
[originaltext]Differentcountriesanddifferentraceshavedifferentmanner
Motorwaysarenodoubtthesafestroadsinthecountry.Mileformile,vehic
Motorwaysarenodoubtthesafestroadsinthecountry.Mileformile,vehic
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
Singaporeisoneoftheworld’ssmallestcountriesbutitisalsooneofth
随机试题
GeorgeDanielslivesinLondon.Heisawatchmaker.Hisworkcontinuesthe(
松子仁除润肠通便之功外,还具有的功效是A、益气健脾 B、生津止渴 C、润肺止
混悬型液体药剂中应用枸橼酸盐、酒石酸盐可以A.助悬 B.润湿 C.乳化
根据安防系统运维要求,每()对安防系统报警探头、摄像头启动、操作功能试验,远程
A.如图所示 B.如图所示 C.如图所示 D.如图所
假设2009年某一旅游目的地企业实现旅游收入150万元,该企业将其中的120万元
“收入-费用=利润”这一会计等式体现了在某一时点收入、费用和利润三项会计要素之间
下列有关表述中正确的有()。A.在股利支付日之前买入股票,有权领取本期分配
关于工程量计量总原则的说法,正确的有()。A.一切工程的计量,应由承包人提
根据《建设工程施工专业分包合同(示范文本)》(GF-2003--0213),关于
最新回复
(
0
)