首页
登录
职称英语
It is not the thrill of winning, but the thrill of almost winning that sets
It is not the thrill of winning, but the thrill of almost winning that sets
游客
2024-05-12
32
管理
问题
It is not the thrill of winning, but the thrill of almost winning that sets a problem gambler apart from those who just fancy a flutter. A strong reaction in the brain in response to "near misses" is correlated with a greater tendency to compulsive gambling, according to new research.
Gambling touches almost everyone, from friends playing online poker to grannies buying lottery tickets. For many it is just good fun, but for some it becomes a weak addiction which wrecks lives: they need bigger wins to satisfy their desire, and when forced to stop they suffer withdrawal symptoms.
Henry Chase and Luke Clark of the University of Cambridge are interested in the cognitive complexities of gamblers. For instance, gamblers often believe that games like picking lottery numbers involve some degree of skill, even though they do not. In games where skill does matter, such as football, a near miss like kicking a ball into the goalpost can rightly be associated with almost scoring a goal. So assigning value to an almost-goal makes some sense. But in games of chance, near misses are meaningless. They say nothing about the future likelihood of winning.
Yet that is not the way many people think about it. Dr. Chase and Dr. Clark have found that in normal healthy volunteers, near misses that won participants not a penny still activated parts of the brain associated with monetary wins. In a new study, they invited 20 volunteers, two of whom were women, to play a kind of slot machine (老虎机) while a functional magnetic-resonance imaging scanner (磁共振成像扫描仪) examined their brain activity. These machines show certain parts of the brain "lighting up" with increased blood flow as they become active.
The volunteers all enjoyed some gambling, ranging from off-course betting on race horses and football matches to playing slot machines, scratch cards and lotteries. All but one volunteer -who had been moderate for a year gambled at least once a week. Bets ranged from five people who routinely spent £ 10—100 a day on gambling and two who were willing to drop over £10 000. Perhaps not surprisingly, 13 of the volunteers would have been considered to have an excessive gambling habit on conventional tests.
The researchers found that those who scored highest in gambling severity also showed the most activity in the midbrain area in response to near misses. This area of the brain is of interest to researchers because it is where dopamine (多巴胺), a neurotransmitter, is produced. Dopamine has been implicated in other addiction studies. It could be the near misses that enhance dopamine transmission in gamblers who suffer the most severe problems, the study suggests. Which means it might be possible to find treatments that reduce dopamine transmission in the brain to take some of the compulsion out of gambling. [br] What can we learn about the cognitive complexities of gamblers?
选项
A、They know gambling impair their mind and wreck their lives.
B、They hold the false idea that skills matter in all games.
C、They believe near misses make sense in picking lottery numbers.
D、They think it is meaningless for them to try games of chance.
答案
B
解析
细节推断题。第三段主要介绍赌徒认知的复杂性,有些游戏是没有技术含量的,但是赌徒们却深信其中一定有技巧,当然像赌球这样的游戏,几乎命中总是让人想到要赢一分,这时候对于下注的人来说确实起点作用。因此推断答案为B)“他们错误地以为所有的游戏都有技巧”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3595835.html
相关试题推荐
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhas
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhas
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhas
[originaltext]M:HaveyougotyourNewYearshoppingdoneyet?W:Almost.Igot
[originaltext]M:HaveyougotyourNewYearshoppingdoneyet?W:Almost.Igot
[originaltext]M:HaveyougotyourNewYearshoppingdoneyet?W:Almost.Igot
Almosteveryspectatorwas______withtheoutcomeofthebasketballmatch.A、thri
Althoughshewasonceafamousactressandwell-knowntoalmosteveryone,sheis
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir______;theyalmostneverabandontheirmasters.
[originaltext]Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunkn
随机试题
Theautomobile,alongwithahouseandagarden,is【C1】______oftheAmerican
A.roleB.enormousC.InsteadofD.mutteringE.strikingF
OneofLondon’smostbeautifulgardensisbeingtransformedintotheancient
输入模块处于正常监视状态,运行指示灯闪亮,模拟外部设备监管触点动作,模块输入动作
根据我国《国防法》的规定,中央军事委员会行使的职权包括:A.统一指挥全国武装力量
在UML用例图中,参与者表示( )。A.人、硬件或其他系统可以扮演的角色 B
每年1月至()月,运维单位组织专业人员开展35kV变电站自评价,对发现的问题
野外生存需要用一个简易的圆锥型过滤器(如下图所示)装满溪水进行过滤。过滤器的底面
影响城市用地经济性评价的派生因素层不包括( )。A.交通通达度 B.城市基础
某日,派出所民警在巡逻中,发现一名形迹可疑的男子,推着一辆自行车走得很吃力,自行
最新回复
(
0
)