首页
登录
职称英语
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a
游客
2024-05-07
6
管理
问题
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a less restrictive concept than that implied in everyday speech. In social science, culture is all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted, whereas the commonsense usage tends to【C1】______ only to the arts. Culture is thus a general term for the symbolic and learned aspects of human society, although some animal behaviourists now【C2】______ that certain primates (灵长类动物) have at least the capacity for culture.
Social anthropological ideas of culture are based to a great【C3】______ on the definition given by Edward Tylor in 1871, in which he referred to a learned complex of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and custom. This definition implies that culture and civilization are one and the same. But this equation, although possible in English and French usage, runs【C4】______ to the German distinction between Kultur and Zivilisation, the former referring to symbols and values, while the latter deals with the organization of society. Archaeological usage, though【C5】______ the wholeness of human societies, makes a distinction between material culture and practices and beliefs, the non-material or adaptive culture transmitted by teaching and tradition. Only material culture is【C6】______ to archaeology, whereas adaptive culture is the subject of history, sociology, and anthropology.
For nineteenth century anthropologists, such as Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan, culture was a conscious creation of human rationality. Civilization and culture, in this conception, showed a progressive tendency towards what were regarded as higher moral values, and this enabled the Victorian mind to construct a【C7】______ of cultures or civilizations which provided a rationale for colonial activities by apparently higher-order Western civilizations.
In America, it is sometimes argued that the concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behaviour, belief systems, values, and【C8】______ , as well as particular culturally specific personality types.
In cultural anthropology, analysis of culture may proceed at three levels: learned patterns of behaviour; aspects of culture that act below conscious levels (such as the deep level of grammar and【C9】______ in language, of which a native language speaker is seldom aware); and patterns of thought and 【C10】______ , which are also culturally determined.
A. ideologies I. extent
B. perception J. counter
C. hierarchy K. dissipate
D. junk L. acknowledging
E. grandeur M. teeming
F. point N. accessible
G. syntax O. assert
H. forfeit [br] 【C4】
选项
答案
J
解析
counter副词,意为“对立地”。本句的意思是尽管认为文化和文明为同一事物的观点在英、法语用法中行得通,它却有悖于德语对文化(指象征和价值观)和文明(指社会组织)的区分。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3587317.html
相关试题推荐
Eachculturehasitsownformofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybased
Eachculturehasitsownformofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybased
Eachculturehasitsownformofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybased
Eachculturehasitsownformofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybased
Basedonananalysisofameteorite,______(科学家们认为火星存在生命).scientistsarguefor
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingabouta
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingabouta
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingabouta
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingabouta
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingabouta
随机试题
中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟(ConfuciusandMencius)为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道
LyricsandCriticalLiteracyIhaveorganizedmyexa
HowtoWriteaBookReviewI.ThedefinitionofabookreviewA.adescripti
Slaverywaslegalforover200yearsinsomepartsofNorthAmerica,particu
建筑起重机械备案是由建设主管部门根据规定,对产权单位的建筑起重机械进行登记编号,
关于无机结合料稳定材料击实试验方法,请回答以下问题。(2)无机结合料稳定材料击实
A.2 B.1 C.1/2 D.1/4
出其不意对于()相当于()对于回马枪A.
通过函证银行存款余额,注册会计师可以获取的审计证据包括()。A.银行存款是否存
A.地西泮 B.哌替啶 C.氯丙嗪 D.普鲁卡因 E.对乙酰氨基酚在物理
最新回复
(
0
)