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  3. It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature then b

It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature then b

游客2024-05-04  32
问题     It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature then begin to lose some of their capabilities, and finally die. This loss of capabilities is progressive, irreversible, and common for all members of a species and is called aging. In humans it shows in many ways, some very visible: decline in height, shrinkage of muscle, thinning and graying of hair, and wrinkling of skin. Internally, and even more significantly, there is the progressive loss of cells in the brain, kidneys, and other vital organs. This cell loss has resulted in stoppage of a vital process. Whatever the reason, important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age. Many of these changes are reflected in functional declines. Not only do nerve cells at levels from the brain to the spinal cord(脊髓)diminish, but also those that remain conduct impulses at a slower rate so that the reaction time of older animal is slowed. Memory often shows a decline.

    Another widespread decline is in the loss of cells involved in the hearing process. The loss is most marked for high pitches and may require the assistance of a battery-operated hearing aid. More subtle are such declines as those in the processes involved with being immune to disease, which result in a lessened ability of the older organism to cope with infection. Indeed, pneumonia(肺炎)is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly population of most nations.
    Mixed with true aging processes are disease processes that may be so common as to be mistaken for aging. For instance, the buildup of deposits of fatty materials in arteries tends to be progressive with aging; everything else being equal, the narrowing of arteries results in such serious illnesses as stroke or heart attack, occurring with increasing frequency as an individual ages.
    It is now recognized that atherosclerosis(动脉硬化症)is the result of many factors, not only genetic but also environmental high blood pressure, high saturated-fat diets, and smoking, the effects of which become more obvious with the passage of time. It is therefore an age-related, but not a universal aging process and can thus usually be controlled. [br] What is the invisible aging process inside human organs?
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答案 The progressive loss of cells
解析 题干中的关键词aging，找到原文第一段第二句话，invisible是第三句话中visible的反义词，inside可以对应第四句话中的internal—ly，原文中说人类的衰老是以多种形式表现出来，其中有些非常明显，比如：身材变矮等。而在人体内部，大脑、肾脏和其他一些重要器官中细胞也逐渐丧失。由前后的对比可知，人体内部这些变化是invisible的，所以从文中提取答案the progressive loss of cells。
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