2. 职称英语
  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity(独创性), people have devised ever more cunnin

Since the dawn of human ingenuity(独创性), people have devised ever more cunnin

游客2024-05-04  24
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity(独创性), people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.
    As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos(发明)whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy.

    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves.
    "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, " we can’t yet give a robot enough ’ common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "
    Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors’(微型处理器)might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
    What they found is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantly focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it. [br] The talent of the______has been largely underestimated by researchers before.
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答案 nerve cells
解析 第五段首句指出研究人员发现人类大脑有约一千亿个神经细胞，它们的能力远超过先前想象的，故可知神经细胞的能力之前被低估了。
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