首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-04-23
29
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavours, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all)were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors. [br] How to define the relationship between environment and heredity?
选项
A、Heredity is far more important than environment.
B、Environment is far more important than heredity.
C、They are independent from each other.
D、They are supplementary rather than exclusive factors.
答案
D
解析
题干问如何定义环境与遗传之间的关系。定位至文章最后一句,环境与遗传不是相互排斥的因素,而永远是相辅相成的。可知,正确答案是D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3568347.html
相关试题推荐
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists,t
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofth
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofth
Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualto
随机试题
WhichofthefollowingisregardedasAmerica’s"DeclarationofIntellectualInd
[originaltext]Theeconomiccostsofnoisetosocietyareseveral.Airports
计算居住小区室外给水管道设计流量时,下列哪种因素不必考虑?( )A.服务人数
患者,男性,46岁,一天来乏力,头晕,面色苍白,上腹部疼痛,恶心,出冷汗,无腹泻
膀胱癌最主要的症状是()A.排尿困难 B.膀胱刺激征 C.无痛性肉眼血
产后“三病”指的是A.惊厥、眩晕、泄泻 B.郁冒、惊厥、大便难 C.发热、郁
上消化道出血最常见的原因是()A.慢性胃炎 B.食管胃底静脉曲张 C.胃癌
收益法的本质是以房地产的()为导向求取估价对象的价值。A、预期未来收益 B
糖酵解的关键酶有 A.6磷酸果糖激酶1B.丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体 C.丙酮酸
下列关于销售物流成本管理的原则,说法错误的是()。A.从流通全过程角度,要考虑
最新回复
(
0
)