首页
登录
职称英语
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
游客
2024-04-23
17
管理
问题
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are powered by cheese—or at least whey, a by-product in cheese making. Whey is rich in lactose, a sugar which Georgia Antonopoulou, a biochemical engineer at the University of Patras, Greece, says can be consumed by cultures of bacteria contained within a fuel cell to generate an electric current. Microbial fuel cells, as such devices are known, are not a new idea but they are attracting more attention.
The organic contents of whey pose an environmental hazard and many governments now impose strict regulations requiring factories to pay for its treatment before disposal. Whey constitutes about 70% of the volume of the milk were used to make cheese. So, just one small feta facility will need to dispose of as such as 4,000 tonnes of whey in a single year, says Dr Antonopoulou. Microbial fuel cells could help, and not just in the cheese-making industry. Breweries, pig farms, food-processing plants and even sewage works could gain from the technology.
Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidize a fuel, such as hydrogen, and make an electric current flow between two electrodes. Microbial fuel cells function in much the same way except that the catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel-cell chamber. Under anaerobic conditions(where oxygen is absent), metabolising the fuel by feeding off it and in doing so produce natural chemical reactions that produce a current.
In theory microbial fuel cells can run on almost any kind of organic matters, says Chris Melhuish, head of the Bristol Robotics Laboratory, England. "All you have to do is match the microbial culture with the type of stuff you want to use as fuel," he says. Dr Melhuish has been trying to power robots on domestic waste-water, but it is tricky. Ideally you would want to use cheap raw-waste products, he says. But traditionally the fuel cells work best with a refined fuel in the form of solutions containing synthetic sugars, such as glucose.
However, Dr Antonopoulou has now shown that, using a culture of bacteria obtained from her local waste-water plant, it is possible to get almost as much power from raw whey as from refined fuel, provided the whey is diluted. The trouble is the power output still only amounts to milliwatts, barely enough to trickle-charge a cellphone. And working with raw waste water also presents challenges.
Initially Dr Antonopoulou and her colleagues found that the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how many electrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low, at around just 2%. This turned out to be because a second set of microbes, within the whey itself, was absorbing them. So, by sterilizing the whey first to kill these other bugs they have now boosted the coulombic efficiency to around 25%. [br] Why is the coulombic efficiency of microbial fuel cells particularly low?
选项
A、Because it is difficult to work with raw waste water.
B、Because the fuel is hard to obtain.
C、Because the scientists haven’t got the technology to sterilize the bacteria in whey.
D、Because another kind of microbes is absorbing the electrons at the same time.
答案
D
解析
细节题。根据题目中the coulombic efficiency ofmicrobial fuel cells可定位至文章最后一段,根据…the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how manyelectrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low,at around just 2%.This turned out to be because a second set of microbes.within the whey itself,wasabsorbing them.(……这种电池的库伦效率相当低,只有约2%。之后他们发现这是因为乳清自身的另一类微生物正在吸引它们。)可知D项正确。因此选择D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3567420.html
相关试题推荐
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
[originaltext]Thosewhousesolarenergyhelpussaveourpreciousfuel.As
[originaltext]Thosewhousesolarenergyhelpussaveourpreciousfuel.As
[originaltext]Thosewhousesolarenergyhelpussaveourpreciousfuel.As
Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,
随机试题
[originaltext]Peoplearenoworderingandpurchasingvirtuallyanythingoverth
ItisinStevenSpielberg’sfirstfilm,Jaws,______abigwhitesharkattacksSw
出版物定价的主要目标不包括( )。A.销售目标 B.品牌目标 C.消费目标
下列人力资源需求的预测方法中,属于定性预测的方法是( )。A.趋势分析法 B
下列建筑的耐火等级可以采用二级的是()。A.某地上7层的焦化厂精萘厂房,层
大学生主体地位的表现有()。A.学习的主体 B.交往的主体 C.自我
国家电网公司的战略定位是()。(A)国民经济保障者(B)能源革命践行
《功夫熊猫》的热映说明“中国元素”已不仅仅只是好莱坞电影中的(),它甚至已经
如果利率变化导致债券价格变化,可以用( )的定义来计算资产的价值变化。A.β系
污染创口的处理原则是A.不主张作初期缝合 B.缝合后放置引流物 C.每天定时
最新回复
(
0
)