首页
登录
职称英语
A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefu
A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefu
游客
2024-04-22
48
管理
问题
A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the theory.
According to James, a child’ s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labelled "self-as-subject", and he gave it various elements. These included an awareness of one’s own agency(i.e. one’ s power to act), and an awareness of one’ s distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually emerge as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley(1902)suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant’s attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile, someone responds to them.
Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as "themselves". This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what James called the "Self-as-object". This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles(such as student, brother, colleague)and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people(such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).
Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own understanding of their identity and other people’s understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have of them. He called the self-as-object the "looking-glass self, since people come to see themselves as they are reflected in others. Mead(1934)went even further, and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together: "The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience ... it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience."
Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of
rage
which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson(1975)found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children’ s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of "self and of "ownership" is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies. [br] Which one of the following rhetorics is applied in paragraph 4?
选项
A、Metaphor.
B、Personification.
C、Contrast.
D、Exaggeration.
答案
A
解析
推断题。第四段中作者运用了什么修辞手法?第四段第三句,“He calledthe self-as—object the‘looking—glass self’”他将客体自我称为镜中自我。可知作者将客体比作一面镜子。所以,选项A,比喻,为正确选项。选项B,拟人;选项C,对比;选项D,夸张,均不符合原文修辞用法。故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3566955.html
相关试题推荐
Childrenwholivenearamainroadareingreaterdangerofcatchingpneumon
Childrenwholivenearamainroadareingreaterdangerofcatchingpneumon
Childrenwholivenearamainroadareingreaterdangerofcatchingpneumon
Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofth
Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofth
Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofth
Childrenwhosemindswandermighthavesharperbrains,researchsuggests.
Childrenwhosemindswandermighthavesharperbrains,researchsuggests.
Childrenwhosemindswandermighthavesharperbrains,researchsuggests.
Childrenwhosemindswandermighthavesharperbrains,researchsuggests.
随机试题
WhenheworkedatLHSCompany,PeterWilliamswasafrequent______tothemonthly
Whatistherecommendedstockofcoal?[br]Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoabout
Shehasthequalitiesthat______(mark)agoodnurse.markqualities是复数和前面是一般现在时决
心理辅导会谈中,当发现受辅者前后所说内容不一致时,向他提问,以协助他弄清自己的真
确定函数y=2x4-12x2的单调区间、极值及函数曲线的凸凹性区间和拐点.
林太太,54岁,自述多饮、多食,多尿不明显,但自测尿糖阳性,而就诊于内科门诊,对
会计核算方法主要包括设置会计科目和账户、复式记账、填制和审核会计凭证、登记账簿、
D
下列关于贴现利息的计算公式中,正确的是()。A.贴现利息=票据的票面金额×贴
下列不属于公路工程竣工验收的主要工作内容的是()。A.听取公路工程项目执行
最新回复
(
0
)