首页
登录
职称英语
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low
游客
2024-04-22
59
管理
问题
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by me principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.
The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remains constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reactings molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.
This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred. [br] Which of the following best describes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramas-inghe?
选项
A、Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules.
B、Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by tunneling.
C、Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.
D、The galactic clouds are the places where prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据“Hoyle and Wickramasinghe”定位至文章第三段After I offeredmy hypothesis,Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellarformaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch.“当我提出了我的假设后,Hoyle和Wickramashinghe两位化学家指出星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”这和选项A的表述一致,所以答案是A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3565955.html
相关试题推荐
Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalow
Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalow
Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalow
Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean’swaterma
Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean’swaterma
Here’sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareinc
Here’sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareinc
Here’sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareinc
[originaltext]Scientistsarefascinatedbywhattheylearnfromthemethods
Childrenarenatural-bornscientists.Theyhave【C1】______minds,andtheyare
随机试题
Grandpa:Robbie,we’llgofishingsoon,andwe’lltakeyourDadwithus.Grandso
ItwasaboutsunsetwhenI,alittlechild,wassentwithahandfulofpowd
WhenJoangavebirth【C1】______thefirstboyinherfamilyinthreegeneratio
[originaltext]W:Bill,isthatreallyyou?Ihaven’tseenyouformonths.M:He
某金融机构为增值税一般纳税人,以1个季度为纳税期限,2019年第二季度发生下列业
合同双方当事人可以在书面合同中协议选择()人民法院,以解决双方争议纠纷。A:被
2013年6月3日,A银行总行资产负债管理委员会(ALCO)会议上,资产负债管理
上市公司重大资产重组,购买资产实现利润盈利预测为4000万,实际实现利润3000
实行会员分级结算制度的期货交易所会员由( )和( )组成。 Ⅰ.机构投资者
(2017年真题)项目质量控制体系得以运行的基础条件是( )。 A.项目合同
最新回复
(
0
)