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[originaltext] We are going to start a study of sunspots today, and I think
[originaltext] We are going to start a study of sunspots today, and I think
游客
2024-04-12
25
管理
问题
We are going to start a study of sunspots today, and I think you’ll find it rather interesting. Now I’m going to assume that you know that sunspots, in the most basic terms, are dark spots on the Sun’s surface. That will do for now. The ancient Chinese were the first to record observations of sunspots as early as the year 165. When later European astronomers wrote about sunspots, they didn’t believe that the spots were actually on the Sun. That’s because of their belief at the time that the heavenly bodies, the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Planets, were perfect, without any flaws or blemishes. So the opinion was the spots were actually something else, like shadows of planets crossing the Sun’s face. And this was the thinking of European astronomers until the introduction of the telescope, which brings us to our old friend, Galileo. In the early 1600s, based on his observations of sunspots, Galileo proposed a new hypothesis. He pointed out that the shape of sunspots, well, the sunspots weren’t circular. If they were shadows of the planets, they would be circular, right? So that was a problem for the prevailing view. And he also noticed that the shape of the sunspots changed as they seemed to move across the Sun’s surface. Maybe a particular sunspot was sort of square, then later it would become more uneven, then later something else. So there is another problem with the shadow hypothesis, because the shape of a planet doesn’t change.
What Galileo proposed was that sunspots were indeed a feature of the Sun, but he didn’t know what kind of feature. He proposed that they might be clouds in the atmosphere, the solar atmosphere, especially because they seemed to change shape and there was no predicting the changes, at least nothing Galileo could figure out. That random shape changing would be consistent with the spots being clouds. Over the next couple hundred years, a lot of hypotheses were tossed around. The spots were mountains or holes in the solar atmosphere through which the dark surface of the Sun could be seen. Then in 1843, an astronomer named Heinrich Schwa Trobe made an interesting claim. He had been watching the Sun every day that it was visible for 17 years, looking for evidence of a new planet. And he started keeping tracks of sunspots, mapping them, so he wouldn’t confuse them, so he wouldn’t confuse them with any potential new planet. In the end, there was no planet, but there was evidence that the number of sunspots increased and decreased in a pattern, a pattern that began repeating after 10 years, and that was a huge breakthrough.
22. Why didn’t European astronomers believe that there are sunspots ?
23. What is Galileo’s new hypothesis?
24. According to Galileo’s view, what was the shape of sunspots?
25. What is Heinrich Schwa’s finding?
选项
A、They weren’t the first to record observations of sunspots.
B、They believed that the spots weren’t actually on the Sun.
C、They believed that the heavenly bodies were flawless.
D、They didn’t want to go against the religious beliefs.
答案
C
解析
录音中提到古代欧洲的天文学家不相信太阳上有黑点.这是因为在那时候他们相信诸如太阳、月亮、恒星、行星之类的天体都是完美的,没有任何瑕疵和缺点的,因此C为正确答案。A项“他们不是第一个记录太阳黑子的人”是录音中的事实,但与原因无关:B项“他们不相信太阳黑子的存在”也不是答案所在,题目正是问为何他们不相信太阳黑子的存在;D项“他们不想违背宗教信仰”在录音中没有提及。
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