首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2024-04-10
32
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _____.
选项
A、was strengthened
B、was not affected
C、was altered
D、was weakened
答案
B
解析
第1段第5句提到:Laudenslager发现那些无助的老鼠的免疫反应被削弱了,低于正常水平,而那些能切断电源的老鼠却没有。因此,B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3548475.html
相关试题推荐
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
Amajoringredienttotakingthepainoutofastressfuldayatworkisasu
[originaltext]VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnew
Angerisanemotionthatcanbedifficulttodealwith.Sometimesit’sexper
Angerisanemotionthatcanbedifficulttodealwith.Sometimesit’sexper
Angerisanemotionthatcanbedifficulttodealwith.Sometimesit’sexper
随机试题
ComingSoon:theNextGreatFluFpidemicThevirusfirstcameto
Theconditionsofartshouldbesimple.Agreatdealmoredependsuponthehe
吴文英是()。A.《梦窗词》的作者 B.在南宋词坛与辛弃疾、姜夔鼎足而三的作
细菌约占粪便干重的多少A.1/3B.1/2C.1/4D.2/3E.1/5
在分娩过程中,会阴切开的最佳时机是A.胎头拨露 B.胎头着冠 C.子宫收缩最
()负责对一类变电站进行检查与考核,对二、三、四类变电站进行抽查。(A)省公
在教学中讲授“果实”的概念时,既选可食的果实,又选不可食的果实(如棉籽等),这样
( )是由美国心理学家乔治?凯利研究出来的一种方法,是他的个性形成理论的一部分
根据我国《反倾销条例》规定,倾销进口产品的出口经营者在反倾销调查期间,可向商务部
(2019年真题)根据《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》(J169—2018),环
最新回复
(
0
)