首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
游客
2024-03-30
3
管理
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] Behaviorism basically believes in _____.
选项
A、motivation
B、performance
C、rewards
D、human factors
答案
C
解析
第2段大致对行为主义进行相关的描述,最后一句说也许这一理论已失去影响力,但是奖励在美国文化中依然占有重要地位,据此可以推断行为主义相信奖励(rewards),故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3533817.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Today,wearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionofsocialinse
[originaltext]Today,wearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionofsocialinse
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonsocialskill
[originaltext]TheInternethascreatedawholenewworldofsocialcommunic
[originaltext]TheInternethascreatedawholenewworldofsocialcommunic
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
[originaltext]Todaylet’stalkaboutsocialnetworking.Firstlet’stalkab
[originaltext]Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindange
[originaltext]Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindange
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Well,John,howwasyourvacation?Didyouvisitalltheplace
支配鼻咽上部黏膜的神经是A.舌咽神经 B.下颌神经 C.眼神经 D.上颌神
患儿女,7个月,因腹泻4天入院,查体:精神稍差,略有烦躁不安,皮肤稍干燥,弹性好
下列国家中,被誉为“世界边缘的国家”是( )。A.澳大利亚 B.新西兰 C
该患者最有可能的诊断为A、左肘关节后脱位 B、左肱骨髁上骨折 C、左尺骨鹰嘴
某钢厂领导班子正在对该钢厂的技术改造问题进行经济可行性分析,经过调查得知,该钢厂
以下关于卖出看跌期权的说法,正确的是()。A.卖出看跌期权的收益将高于买进
诱导免疫耐受的方法是A.注射有丝分裂素和Ag B.注射佐剂 C.注射极大量A
《证券公司监督管理条例》规定,公司应当对离任的证券公司高级管理人员进行审计,并自
项目编码是分部分项工程量清单项目名称的数字标示,其中()是分部工程顺序码。A.
最新回复
(
0
)