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A recurring criticism of the U. K.’s university sector is its perceived weak

游客2024-03-12  29
问题     A recurring criticism of the U. K.’s university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
    Recently, the U. K. National Stem Cell Network warned the U. K. could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
    However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, U. S. A. and U. K. shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the U. K. now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
    When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of U. K. universities. Evidence suggests the U. K. ’s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
    This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the U. K. and is mirrored across other economies. In the U. K. , research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
    The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
    Part of the economic recovery of the U. K. will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the U. K. which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
    If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the U. K. for the next growth cycle. [br] We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1 , Para. 4) refers to_________.
选项 A、concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B、government aid to non-research-oriented universities
C、compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
D、fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
答案 A
解析 本题是个建立在细节上的判断题。文章第四段提及政策的参与，第五段讲述了政策效果，即“研究很集中：不到 25% 的大学占有75%的科研基金”。从 25% 和 75% 的数字对比中，可以判断大部分钱投入到极少数大学内。所以A为正确答案。
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