首页
登录
职称英语
Scholars are often greatly excited by "natural experiments", events that end
Scholars are often greatly excited by "natural experiments", events that end
游客
2024-03-07
43
管理
问题
Scholars are often greatly excited by "natural experiments", events that end up separating two groups of people, allowing wonks (用功而严肃的人) to compare their subsequent behaviour. Much like the study of twins adopted into different households, the postwar division and eventual reunification of Germany could be seen as such an experiment. A report by the German Institute for Economic Research on working mothers is published ahead of the 30th anniversary of reunification on October 3rd.
When the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the east united with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in 1990, the mothers of young children led very different lives. Life expectancy and incomes were much lower in the east, mothers were almost as likely to work as fathers, and most worked full-time. In the west, where state and church encouraged mums to stay at home, less than half were in paid employment, and most of those worked part-time.
Three decades on, how has the picture changed? Two things stand out. First, behaviour has changed drastically since unification: the share of eastern women with young children working full-time fell from over half in 1990 to just under a third in 2018. More women across Germany are working part-time. Second, east-west differences still exist. The share of eastern mums in full-time work is more than double that in the west. As a result, whereas women in the east earn 7% less than men, the gap in the west is 22%. The report argues that policy and attitudes together explain these trends.
Policy seems to play a powerful role in explaining the collapse in full-time employment in the east. Despite some recent changes, the policies of unified Germany, like those of the FRG, still assume that women are wives and mothers first.
Attitudes, meanwhile, may help explain part of the lasting hours gap between east and west: 30 years after unification, eastern women are still more likely to approve of full-time working mums. This chimes with earlier findings that east Germans are more likely to have an egalitarian (平等主义的) view of the roles of the sexes. Attitudes have also changed over time, though. Strikingly, women born after 1975 in both the east and west are more likely to disapprove of mothers in full-time work than older ones, putting paid to the idea that younger women are keener on work. Perhaps women’s views are shaped by the policies they face.
The unification "experiment" hardly took place in laboratory conditions. Many women migrated from east to west. The regions differ in many other respects—incomes per head are lower in the east, for instance—that also affect the number of hours women work. But the episode still says something about the power of policy and the endurance of attitudes, long after walls are torn down. [br] What does the author argue in the last paragraph?
选项
A、The experimental method of this research has some limitations.
B、This report should take population mobility into consideration.
C、The study is reasonable despite the interference of other factors.
D、The Berlin Wall has always been standing in people’s hearts.
答案
C
解析
根据题干中的Me last paragraph定位到最后一段。细节辨认题。定位段的前半部分提到了研究的一些干扰因素,而末句说,虽然高墙已倒了很长时间,这段经历仍彰显了政策的力量和态度的持久力,这正是本研究的主要论点,可见作者认为研究结论还是合理的,因此C“尽管受到其他因素的干扰,本研究仍然是合理的”为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3512239.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Dreamsareexpressionsofthoughts,feelingsandeventsthat
A、Naturalabilityandfitness.B、Knowledgeandexercise.C、Strategyandpsycholo
AstheworldexcitedlygreetedSnuppy,thefirstcloned(克隆)dog,commentato
[originaltext]W:IcometotalktoyoubecauseIwanttoapplyforascholarshi
[originaltext]W:IcometotalktoyoubecauseIwanttoapplyforascholarshi
[originaltext]Dreamsareexpressionsofthoughts,feelingsandeventsthat
Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanatural
Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanatural
[originaltext]W:IcometotalktoyoubecauseIwanttoapplyforascholarshi
[originaltext]W:IcometotalktoyoubecauseIwanttoapplyforascholarshi
随机试题
TheCommunicativeApproachTheCommunicativeApproachemphasizesthatthegoal
甲公司是一家智能家用设备制造企业,自2015年起实施全面预算管理,并以此为平台逐
不属于突发公共卫生事件的是A.张某吃了不洁食物造成的食物中毒事件 B.2003
下列项目管理组织机构形式中,未明确项目经理角色的是()组织机构。A:职能制
股票质押回购式证券交易的异常情况包括但不限于()。 ①质押标的证券、证券
T形管造影后应引流的时间为A.8小时以上 B.12小时以上 C.18小时以上
()是在处理岗位评价数据的过程中所产生的误差。A:登记误差 B:随机误差 C
教师职业道德区别于其他职业道德的显著标志是() A.敬业爱业B.为人
求助者:男,18岁,高二学生 案例介绍:求助者上初二的时候,和临班的一个女生好
一般性货币政策工具中,主动权在商业银行而不在中央银行的工具是( )。A.存款准
最新回复
(
0
)