[originaltext] Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of

游客2024-03-07  21

问题  
Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than studying. But what about background sound alone? A group of American researchers compared students’ comprehension of verbal material, when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or general noise. General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan.
    Students’ scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech. Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies rather than understand text, background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension.
    British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise, and silence on short-term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental. In general, background noise and silence were least disruptive. It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise. The study suggests that when people read and when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability. Instrumental music will have, at worst, a slight effect. When students write essays, however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible.
    Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions. Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference. The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high-arousal or low-arousal background music, general noise or silence while asking them to remember words. Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions. So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental and their child is the outgoing type.
    22. What did some American researchers find about students’ reading comprehension in the presence of background noise?
    23. What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference from background noise?
    24. What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?
    25. How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?

选项 A、Their scores were least affected by music with speech.
B、It was the poorest when there was background speech.
C、Their scores were most depressed with instrumental music..
D、It was disrupted by the sound of an air conditioner or fan.

答案 B

解析 讲话中提到一组美国研究人员比较了学生在有背景讲话、器乐或一般噪音的情况下阅读时对语言材料的理解能力,并得出结论:在有背景讲话的情况下,学生的得分最低。也就是说,有背景讲话时,学生的阅读理解力是最差的,故选项B为正确答案。关于学生得分受什么影响最小的问题,讲话中介绍美国研究人员的研究结论时并未提及,故排除选项A。讲话中美国研究人员还得出结论:在有音乐的情况下,学生的理解力比在有背景讲话的环境下稍好,故可排除选项C。讲话中提到空调或风扇的声音属于一般噪音,但一般噪音是否干扰了学生的阅读理解力,在美国研究人员的结论中也未提及,故排除选项D。
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