2. 职称英语
  3. Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to s

Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to s

游客2024-03-03  14
问题 Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents, yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activates. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with had behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city people are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a multinational outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
选项 A、Two contrasting views are presented.
B、An argument is examined and possible solutions are given.
C、Research results about the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D、A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
答案 A
解析 本题问“下列哪一项最佳描述了文章第一段的组织结构?”文章第一段先是说一种观点——对大众和社会学家来说，很“明显”，现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，使它们与亲属邻居的关系松散，却与只见几面的陌生人发展表面的关系。然后接着说，最近几年研究表明，这种“明显”并不正确。由此可见这里是两种观点的对比，故[A]“提出两种对比的观点”正确。[B]“仔细研究一种论点并给出可能的解决办法”。文章给出的是两种观点，所以本项不正确。[C]“以时间为序提出城市生活质量的研究结果”。文章开始说几十年的观点，然后又提出近几年的观点，看似以时间为序，但是作者的目的并不是指明时间是两个观点对立的原因，本项偏离了作者的写作意图。[D]“对城市和小城镇人生活的不同给以细节性的描述”。第一段后半部涉及城市和城镇人生活的不同，但前一部分没有提到它们的不同，所以本项不正确。
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