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  3. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-cal

Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-cal

游客2024-02-29  42
问题     Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.
    Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
    In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
    Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance. [br] According to Paragraph 1, memory plays an important role in____________.
选项
答案 learning, intelligent behavior and the ability to solve any problem
解析 文章第一段分别说道：“Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory”：“没有这个通常被称为记忆的功能，学习不可能进行”。“So-called intelligent behavior demands memory”：“所谓的智力活动需要记忆力”。文中还提到“The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory”：“解决任何 问题的能力，甚至发现问题是否存在的能力，均有赖于记忆力”。从而，将同类的内容进行归纳总结并提取原话中的“Learning，intelligent behavior，the ability to solve any problem”，即可得出正确答案。
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