首页
登录
职称英语
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
游客
2024-02-29
26
管理
问题
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.
The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological (病理学的).
The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant (不正常的) behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding.
Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other.
The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of rats in Calhoun’s experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments. [br] Calhoun stabilized the rat population ______.
选项
A、when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stress
B、by removing young rats
C、so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosure
D、all of the above are correct
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3492640.html
相关试题推荐
【B1】[br]【B8】A、disciplineB、confineC、defineD、determineB语义衔接题。此题可以用排除法,只有选B)句
【S1】[br]【S4】D根据前文的aseriesof可知,此处应选择一个复数名词,备选项有D)exposes和O)interviews。根据前文中D
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
【B1】[br]【B15】A、experimentsB、developmentsC、investmentsD、movementsB名词辨义题。这个句
【B1】[br]【B8】A、assumeB、determineC、criticizeD、studyB动词辨义题[考频:50]。根据逻辑可以推断这句话
Peoplewhoarehitbylightningandsurviveoftenhavelong-termeffects.Thes
Peoplewhoarehitbylightningandsurviveoftenhavelong-termeffects.Thes
随机试题
[originaltext]PresidentClintonbeginsa3-daycampaign-styledtriptothe
Thefollowingquestionspresentasentence,partofwhichorallofwhichisund
AzharUsman,astand-upcomic,saysheisa"verypatriotic"AmericanMuslim
男性,进行性贫血,发热,骨痛。双腋下淋巴结如花生米大小,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下2c
()是要把动作做得好而省力,在做动作过程中,尽量减少时间和能量的消耗。A.动作的
根据所给资料,下列说法中正确的一项是:() A.2003-2011年,我国
A.2,0,-2) B.2,1,-1 C.1,O,-1 D.2,O。1
发行人应在招股说明书相关章节中对其()进行充分披露,并做到财务信息披露和非财务
我国及时总结证券市场发展的经验教训,确立了指导证券市场健康发展的()八字方针,初
符合建筑工程保险责任终止的条件包括()。A.工程所有人开始使用时 B.工程
最新回复
(
0
)