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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

游客2024-02-29  29
问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produced these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that decide how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to file demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in mm will lower the prize and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is a more regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a produce or to make a free contract with another private individual. [br] What can we infer from the first two sentences in the second paragraph?
选项 A、Producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production.
B、Consumers can express their demands through producers.
C、Producers decide the prices of products.
D、Supply and demand regulate prices.
答案 D
解析 选项A，生产者可以通过机械化生产满足消费者。选项B，消费者可以通过生产者表达他们的需求。选项C，生产者决定产品价格。选项D，由供给和需求调整价格。文章第二段前两句话讲到：市场经济中的一个重要因素是存在这样一种机制，通过这种机制，消费者的需求可以被表现出来并且生产者会对此做出反应。在美国的经济里，这种机制是由价格系统提供的。因此本题选择D。
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