首页
登录
职称英语
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers
游客
2024-02-25
28
管理
问题
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers of self-suggestion, which are responsible for whatever healing may occur. This mysterious gift of self-healing is cloaked with an anodyne(止痛的) label, the "placebo effect", and recognized only as a nuisance likely to confound clinical trials. But the placebo ( Latin for "I will please" ) and its shadowy twin the nocebo ( "I will harm" ) are much more than methodological problems: they lie at the heart of every interaction between doctor and patient.
How they work no one knows. But the brain rules the body in many subconscious ways, including its control of the body’s major hormones and its subtle influence over the immune system. So it’s possible that, in ways yet unknown, expectations about health or disease are sometimes translated in to a bodily reaction that fulfils them. The power of these effects is hard to overstate.
A rule of thumb is that 30 percent of patients in the placebo half of a drug trial ( i. e. those who unknowingly receive a dummy pill instead of the real thing) will experience all improvement in symptoms. But the proportion may be much higher. Just like real drugs, placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses. Patients will report greater relief when given a larger pill, or two dummy capsules instead of one.
Doctors’ expectations also contribute to the awesome power of the placebo effect. In a study of tooth extraction, patients were given either a painkiller or sham drugs. Some dentists were assigned to give either drug, without knowing which, but other dentists knew they would be giving only sham drugs. The patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain. Presumably, doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues, often without knowing they are doing so. [br] According to paragraph three, what can we learn about the experiment?
选项
A、30% of the patients take placebos.
B、The effect of placebo has nothing to do with the dose.
C、Patients feel still better if they are given two instead of one placebo.
D、Patients know they are taking placebos rather than real drugs.
答案
C
解析
该段第四句说placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses,第五句又进一步具体地说病人如果服用一个大点的药丸或吃两个而不是一个,就会报告说感觉更好,故选C)。该段第二句意思是说,在一次药物实验中,有一半人服用了placebo(in the placebo half of a drug trial),在这一半人中,有30%的人症状有改善,并不是所有病人的30%服用placebo,排除A);B)与第四句的说法正好相反,排除 B);第二句括号里的部分明确说那些服用placebo的人是unknowingly(不明真相地)接受了一个假药丸(即placebo),排除D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3480865.html
相关试题推荐
IfapatientatBethIsraelisnotrespondingtotreatment,itis______(很平常)f
Itisperhapsthehardestreformofall.Pensionsystemsorenergyshortages
Itisperhapsthehardestreformofall.Pensionsystemsorenergyshortages
Itisperhapsthehardestreformofall.Pensionsystemsorenergyshortages
Themedicineshouldbekeptthat____________(孩子够不到的地方).beyondthereachofchil
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
随机试题
Thewomanwantstogotothemoviesbecause[originaltext]W:I’mtiredofwatchi
Threeweeksago,theschoolsysteminAlexandria,Va.,announcedthat80%o
Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofth
女性尿路感染患者行X线静脉肾盂造影检查的适应证为()A.尿路感染首次发作
马克思主义哲学以前欧洲哲学的全部积极内容,都是马克思主义哲学的理论来源,其中作为
在Windows2008R2操作系统中,如果要列出本机当前的路由表,可以使用的
导游在导游过程中因其过错对第三人造成损害的,由导游一人承担。( )
《测绘成果管理条例》规定,测绘地理信息行政主管部门在审批对外国组织提供属于国家秘
腹部损伤的病人血、尿淀粉酶升高提示可能伤及A.肝 B.胰腺 C.脾 D.肾
资源管理策略的具体措施有哪些?
最新回复
(
0
)