首页
登录
职称英语
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of
游客
2024-02-20
23
管理
问题
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cunningly (聪明地) picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial cues given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents (气味), and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals — who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed (嗅) by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound (大量存在). That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty. [br] How does the author see Dr. Lit’s findings?
选项
A、They may not be useful in real situations.
B、They should raise our concern in real life.
C、They will be widely applied in the near future.
D、They should be backed up by further evidence.
答案
B
解析
末段首句提到,that(指代Dr. Lit的发现)在现实世界中有多重要还不清楚。随后用But转折提到:但可能会很重要。后文举例说明警犬训练员对需要搜索对象的无意识定型可能会影Ⅱ向警犬在机场的搜寻工作,造成不良后果,由此可推断出,作者认为Dr.Lit的研究发现可能在现实生活有很重要的意义,应该引起人们的注意,故答案为[B]。作者提到该研究发现在现实世界中可能会很重要,结合后面举的机场的例子可知,这些发现可能会在现实情况中发挥作用,故排除[A]。[C]和[D]在文中未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3468643.html
相关试题推荐
Itwasnotuntiltheearly20thcentury____________(美国的妇女才被给予选举权)thatAmerican
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:t
Itisgenerallybelievedthatthecountriesoftheworld(相同之处多于不同之处)___________
Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsoloins
Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsoloins
Themostfamouscaseofananimalsaidtobecapableofcountingisthatof
Themostfamouscaseofananimalsaidtobecapableofcountingisthatof
随机试题
Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorle
Forsomereason,itiseasiertorememberthatsomeoneisabakerthantoremembe
避免wardoff;avoid
某企业职工和部门的关系模式如下所示,其中部门负责人也是一个职工。职工和部门的关系
(2020年真题)有限合伙型股权投资基金的纳税义务人是()A.全体合伙人
成功的销售人员拥有的销售秘诀有( )。A.45%的潜在顾客将转向与别人做生意
外部招募存在的不足包括( )。A.进入角色慢 B.决策风险小 C.
若伊拉克突然入侵科威特,金价的表现为()。A.短时间内大幅飙升 B.短时
填写建筑工程检验批质量验收记录时,应具有现场验收检查原始记录,该原始记录应由()
根据《建筑施工组织设计规范》,重点、难点分部或专项工程的施工方案应有()批准。
最新回复
(
0
)