Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of the

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问题 Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church 【B1】______ institutions whose primary concern was to 【B2】______ the moral character of their students.
    Throughout Europe, institutions of 【B3】______ learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of 【B4】______ . In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned 【B5】______ with creating and spreading knowledge, not 【B6】______ . Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, 【B7】______ with their training at home, went to Germany for 【B8】______ study.
    Some of them returned 【B9】______ The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. 【B10】______ The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, 【B11】______ Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. [br] 【B9】

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答案 to become presidents of famous colleges and transform them into modern universities

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