[originaltext] Most graduate programs in American universities produce a pro

Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market and develop skills for which there is decreasing demand, all at a rapidly rising cost. Unfortunately, this mass-production university model has led to division where there ought to be cooperation.(33)In my own religion department, for example, we have ten faculty members, working in eight branches, with little in common. And as departments fragment, research and publication become more and more about less and less. The emphasis on narrow scholarship also encourages an educational system that has become a process of copying.(34)The dirty secret of higher education is that without graduate students who are not paid well to help in laboratories and with teaching, universities couldn’t conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. That’s one of the main reasons we still encourage people to enroll in doctoral programs. In other words, young people enroll in graduate programs, work hard for little pay and assume huge debt burdens, all because of the misleading promise of faculty appointments. But the truth is that there will always be too many candidates for too few openings. The other obstacle to change is that colleges and universities are self-regulating or governed by peer review. While administrations theoretically have some management responsibility, in practice, departments operate independently. To complicate matters further, once a faculty member has been granted tenure, there is almost no supervision.(35)If American higher education is to thrive in the 21st century, colleges and universities must be regulated and completely restructured.
33. What can we learn about the department the speaker is working in?
34. What can we learn about the postgraduates in the universities?
35. What’s the speaker’s attitude toward the postgraduate education in the United States?