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  3. Polygraphs, or "lie detectors", are used widely in America, including on sex

Polygraphs, or "lie detectors", are used widely in America, including on sex

游客2024-02-04  14
问题     Polygraphs, or "lie detectors", are used widely in America, including on sex offenders, but in Britain many remain skeptical. Polygraphs do not detect lies. They measure changes in physiology, such as breathing rate, sweating and blood pressure. Telling lies is often stressful and can prompt jumps in the readings. But other things—fear, embarrassment, worries about being wrongfully accused—can do the same. Enthusiasts say that polygraphs accurately detect lies 80 - 90% of the time. The British Psychological Society cites studies showing similar figures but cautions that problems in the research mean that the real rate is probably much lower. And "false positive" rates(defining a truthful person a liar)can be as high as 47% .
    Boosters of the government’s scheme say the point is that using polygraphs encourages sex offenders to reveal more information, before, during and after the test. In a 2010 -2011 pilot study offenders who took polygraph tests made more than twice as many "clinically significant exposures" — information that could prompt changes in the way they are managed—as those that did not. Many said they would not have done so without undergoing the test. Jane Wood, a psychologist at the University of Kent who co-authored the report on the pilot, says that some offenders found the tests helpful as way to convince their families they were being honest about their behaviour. Others said that the discussions prompted when they failed the test helped them better to understand the conditions of their license.
    Polygraph tests do not stand on their own, argues Don Grubin, a professor of psychiatry at Newcastle University: they should be one of a number of tools used to assess offenders. Nonetheless some remain uneasy. Those using the tests may become contented, worries Anne McAlinden of Queen’s University, Belfast, and give them excessive weight. In the government’s study, the more tests offenders took, the fewer lies were labeled. That might indicate that they became more truthful, or it might suggest that they were getting better at gaining the test. [br] "gaming the test" in the last sentence most probably means______.
选项 A、doing the games in the test
B、finishing the tasks in the test
C、cheating in the test
D、telling the truth in the test
答案 C
解析 语义理解题。本题考查“gaming the test”在文中的语义。定位段倒数第二句指出，政府的研究发现，罪犯接受的测试越多，被标记的谎言则越少，最后一句说，这可能意味着罪犯变得更加诚实，也可能意味着他们越来越会“gaming the test”了。根据上下文语义关系，该处应与“更加诚实”对立，因此C)“在测试中作弊”更接近作者本意，故为答案。A)“做测试里的游戏”是对gaming the test的字面理解，与原文意思不符，故排除；B)“完成测试里的任务”和D)“在测试里讲实话”均与上下文语义逻辑不符，故均排除。
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