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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

游客2024-01-25  33
问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [br] Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?
选项 A、How Are American Goods Produced?
B、How do American Consumers Buy Their Goods?
C、How does American Economic System Work?
D、How do American Businessmen Make Their Profits?
答案 C
解析 文章标题应该体现文章的主旨，文章第1段就指出美国经济体制基本上是围绕着私营企业，市场经济建立起来的。第2、3段分别说明了市场经济和私营经济的一个重要组成因素，由此可以推断文章的主旨是美国的经济系统是如何运作的，故选项C正确。
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