[originaltext]　　(19) According to a new study, low-income smokers in New York s

　　(19) According to a new study, low-income smokers in New York spend 25 percent of their income on cigarettes. The study led advocates for smokers’ rights to say it proved high taxes were unsatisfactory and ineffective. Using state data, the study showed a need to help more poor New Yorkers to quit smoking or never start smoking. New York has the nation’s highest cigarette taxes. In New York, a pack of cigarettes can cost $ 12. It is far beyond many smokers’ purchasing ability, and they have turned to buying cheaper cigarettes online or to using roll-your-own devices. According to the state statistics, smokers earning less than $ 30 000 a year paid 39 percent of state and city taxes on cigarettes. (20) Other studies showed that lower-income smokers had less success at quitting. When low-income smokers tried to quit, they were hindered by being surrounded by many smokers and having less cash to buy stop-smoking aids. Cigarette taxes were punitive. The government put forward the theory that high taxes equalled submission to their measure. However, this theory is only true superficially, but false in nature. (21) Many people criticize those in government who oppose smoking and increase related taxes in the meantime. Some people argue that tax increases and other programs are helping more people to quit. For example, New York is promoting a number of antismoking initiatives. The initiatives include targeted media campaigns that are designed to reduce the smoking rate among lower-income groups and that prevent young people from becoming smokers.
　　19.  What do we learn from the new study?
　　20.  Why was it difficult for low-income smokers to quit smoking?
　　21.  Why do many people blame those in the government?