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  3. Almost 150 years after photovoltaic (光电的) cells and wind turbines (涡轮机) were

Almost 150 years after photovoltaic (光电的) cells and wind turbines (涡轮机) were

游客2024-01-20  19
问题     Almost 150 years after photovoltaic (光电的) cells and wind turbines (涡轮机) were invented, they still generate only 7% of the world’s electricity. Yet something remarkable is happening. From being secondary to the energy system just over a decade ago, they are now growing faster than any other energy source and their falling costs are making them competitive with fossil fuels. BP, an oil firm, expects renewables to account for half of the growth in global energy supply over the next 20 years. It is no longer far-fetched to think that the world is entering an era of clean, unlimited and cheap power.
    There is a problem, though. To get from here to there requires huge amounts of investment over the next few decades. Normally investors like putting their money into electricity because it offers reliable returns. Yet green energy has a dirty secret. The more it is used, the more it lowers the price of power from any source. That makes it hard to manage the transition to a carbon-free future, during which many generating technologies, clean and dirty, need to remain profitable if the lights are to stay on. Unless the market is fixed, subsidies to the industry will only grow.
    Policymakers are already seeing this inconvenient truth as a reason to put the brakes on renewable energy. In parts of Europe, investment in renewables is slowing as subsidies are cut back. However, the solution is not less wind and solar. It is to rethink how the world prices clean energy in order to make better use of it.
    At its heart, the problem is that government-supported renewable energy has been imposed on a market designed in a different era. For much of the 20th century, electricity was made and moved by vertically integrated, state-controlled monopolies. From the 1980s onwards, many of these were broken up, privatized and liberalized, so that market forces could determine where best to invest. Today only about 6% of electricity users get their power from monopolies. Yet everywhere the pressure to decarbonize power supply has brought the state creeping back into markets. This is disruptive for three reasons. The first is the subsidy system itself. The other two are inherent to the nature of wind and solar: their intermittency and their very low running costs. All three help explain why power prices are low and public subsidies are addictive. [br] What is the problem with renewable energy in nature?
选项 A、The market is designed in different times.
B、Monopolies still supply most of green power.
C、Market forces couldn’t determine where to invest.
D、Companies in this field can’t remain profitable.
答案 A
解析 细节辨认题。由题干中的the problem和renewable energy定位至第四段第一句。第四段探讨了可再生能源面临这些问题的原因。第一句开门见山地指出，本质上来说，问题在于政府扶持的可再生能源被强加于一个在不同时期设计的市场上。随后进行了分析。由第一句可知，可再生能源的本质问题是市场是在不同的时期设计的，故答案为A)。
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