首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-01-16
32
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always — supplementary factors. [br] From the text, we can learn that environment and heredity are ______factors.
选项
A、totally independent
B、completely opposed
C、always supplementary
D、generally identical
答案
C
解析
推理题。根据题意可定位到原文最后一段的最后一句“Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always—supplementary factors.”可知,环境与遗传不是相互排斥的因素,而是相辅相成的。故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3366674.html
相关试题推荐
电视节目对人们的影响很大,尤其是对儿童。Televisionprogramshaveagreatinfluenceonpeople,partic
(77)Heredity(遗传)isnottheonlythingthatinfluencesourcolor.Wherewe
(77)Heredity(遗传)isnottheonlythingthatinfluencesourcolor.Wherewe
(77)Heredity(遗传)isnottheonlythingthatinfluencesourcolor.Wherewe
(77)Heredity(遗传)isnottheonlythingthatinfluencesourcolor.Wherewe
【B1】[br]【B11】A、collectiveB、publicC、individualD、privateC根据句子的逻辑关系,此处的词应该与后面
Themoreoneis______theEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewi
不言而喻,青年人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。Itgoeswithoutsayingthateducationoftheyoungis
Don’tjudgeacrimeuntilyouknowallthe______.A、circumstancesB、environments
Themoreoneis______theEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewi
随机试题
3Dglasseshelpdoctorsperforminvasivesurgerywhentheirhandsareobscur
TeachingEnglishthroughChildren’sLiteratureI.Acase:c
作为部门规章,( )不但是土地行政主管部门进行土地确权、土地登记、解决土地权属
在电子表格软件Excel中,假设A1单元格的值为15,若在A2单元格输入“=AN
较长时间剧烈运动结束后,如果骤然停止并站立不动因肌肉泵的作用消失,静脉血液回流减
心理健康的标准不包括:A.智力正常 B.健康行为 C.情绪乐观 D.意识清
Orem定义的护理系统包括A.全补偿系统、部分补偿系统、零补偿系统B.辅助教育系
我国基础教育的培养目标是( )。A.培养人的智力 B.为其上一级学校输送拔尖
关于质量管理与控制重点,下述叙述正确的有()。A、关键工序 B、实行分包的分
关于安全检查评价,下列说法错误的是()。A、对安全检查中发现的问题和隐患要定人
最新回复
(
0
)