首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-01-16
8
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always — supplementary factors. [br] Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据题意可定位到原文第二段提到的“Habits,instead of being born ready—made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all),were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment.”可知,习惯并不是生来就有的,它们已经越来越受到环境的影响了。故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3366673.html
相关试题推荐
Theeducationof______youngisalways______hotandserioustopic.A、/:/B、the:a
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
Childrenandyoungpeopleareattheheartofsociety.Agoodeducationenab
Thepresidentdevotedhisenergiesto______thecurricula,makingtheeducation
Onlyrecently______todealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.A、somethinghasdone
Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthysuchaspooreatinghabits,which_____
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
随机试题
每年农历七月初七,即七夕,是中国的情人节,来自于牛郎与织女的传说。它是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日,也是中国古代单身女子最快乐的一天。传说在七夕
下列关于评估报告分类的说法中,错误的是( )。A.国有资产业务评估报告涉及的评估
花生最易受到( )污染而出现食品卫生问题。A.大肠菌群 B.肠道致病菌 C
A.肾气不固证 B.膀胱湿热证 C.脾虚气陷证 D.肾虚水泛证 E.脾阳
产后小便淋痛湿热蕴结证的治法为A.疏肝清热通淋 B.清热解毒利湿 C.清热利
蜜炙桂枝炮制作用是A.降低腥臭味B.降低毒副作用C.增强补虚缓急的作用D.便于粉
属于我国公共财政收入分类级科目的是()A.罚没收入 B.转移性收入 C.税
下列四组地形中,全部属于西部大开发区域的是()。 A.四川盆地-阿尔泰山-云
1978年以来,中国的经济增长速度平均达到9.8%(人均GDP平均增长率超过8.
某气化炉从投煤开始至正常使用的持续时间为2h,排放的二氧化硫为6.5t/次·台。
最新回复
(
0
)