首页
登录
职称英语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to
游客
2024-01-16
37
管理
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always — supplementary factors. [br] Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?
选项
A、The Evolution of Insects.
B、Environment and Heredity.
C、Education: The Influence of the Environment.
D、The Instincts of Animals.
答案
B
解析
主旨题。根据上下文可知,作者整篇文章都是在讲外部环境和遗传是互补的因素。故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3366670.html
相关试题推荐
Theeducationof______youngisalways______hotandserioustopic.A、/:/B、the:a
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
Onemusttryhisbestto______tothenewenvironment.A、adoptB、adaptC、adeptD、a
Childrenandyoungpeopleareattheheartofsociety.Agoodeducationenab
Thepresidentdevotedhisenergiesto______thecurricula,makingtheeducation
Theeducationof________youngisalways________hotandserioustopic.A、/,/B、the
Onemusttryhisbestto________tothenewenvironment.A、adoptB、adaptC、adept
WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseit
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Mr.Stern,mayIaskyou?Doyouthinkitwasnecessaryandfa
阅读孟子《寡人之于国也》中的一段文字。 不违农时,谷不可胜食也;数罟不入海池,
下列有关节水系统设计的叙述中,错误的是哪项?( )A.生活给水系统应充分利用城
根据《证券投资顾问业务暂行规定》,下列关于证券公司、证券投资咨询机构提供证券投资
集团客户具有的特征包括()A.在股权上或者经营决策上直接或间接控制其他企事业法
(2021年真题)债券信用评级的对象包括() Ⅰ.经中国证监会依法注册发行
喜马拉雅山是目前地球上最高的山脉。其顶峰珠穆朗玛峰高达8848米,堪称世界之最。
忠实与通顺,作为翻译的标准,应该是统一的整体,不能把两者割裂开来。与原意()的文
建设工程施工和施工管理的最后环节是( )。A.竣工验收 B.竣工决算 C.
加强宪法实施和依宪治国,对中国特色社会主义法治体系、社会主义法治国家的建设具有重
最新回复
(
0
)