As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats,

游客2024-01-14 22

问题       As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship’s band stood and played. They died when the ship went down. Men stood on the deck and smoked cigarettes. They died, too. This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self-interest. "There was no pushing," says David Savage, an economist at Queensland University in Australia who has studied witness reports from the survivors. It was "very, very orderly behavior."
   Savage has compared the behavior of the passengers on the Titanic with those on the Lusitania, another ship that also sank at about the same time. But when the Lusitania went down, the passengers panicked. There were a lot of similarities between these two events. These two ships were both luxury ones, they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors.
   The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time. The Lusitania sank in less than 20 minutes. But for the Titanic, it was two-and-a-half hours. "If you’ve got an event that lasts two-and-a-half hours, social order will take over and everybody will behave in a social manner,"Savage says. "If you’re going down in under 17 minutes, basically it’s instinctual." On the Titanic, social order ruled, and it was women and children first. On the Lusitania, instinct won out. The survivors were largely the people who could swim and get into the lifeboats.
   "Yes, we’re self-interested," Savage says. But we’re also part of a society. Given time, social norms can beat our natural self-interest. A hundred years ago, women and children always went first. Men were stoic. On the Titanic, there was enough time for these norms to become forceful. [br] According to David Savage,_______________was a critical factor in determining people’s behavior in the sinking of these two ships.

选项 A、social order
B、place
C、instinct
D、time

答案 D

解析根据关键词“critical factor”定位到文章第三段第一句“The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time.”文章中的“The biggest difference”与题干中的“a critical factor”对应，表示两艘巨轮沉没的最大不同之处，接下来第三段开始陈述时间上的不同以及由此导致的人们的反应及行为的差异，故选D。

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