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New observations about the age of some globular clusters in our Milky Way ga

游客2024-01-13  19
问题     New observations about the age of some globular clusters in our Milky Way galaxy have cast doubt on a long-held theory about how the galaxy was formed. The Milky Way contains about 125 globular clusters (compact groups of anywhere from several tens of thousands to perhaps a million stars) distributed in a roughly spherical halo around the galactic nucleus. The stars in these clusters are believed to have been born during the formation of the galaxy, and so may be considered relics of the original galactic nebula, holding vital clues to the way of the formation took place.
    The conventional theory of the formation of the galaxy contends that roughly 12 to 13 billion years ago the Milky Way formed over a relatively short time (about 200 million years) when a spherical cloud of gas collapsed under the pressure of its own gravity into a disc surrounded by a halo. Such a rapid formation of the galaxy would mean that all stars in the halo should be very nearly the same age.
    However, the astronomer Michael Bolte has found considerable variation in the ages of globular clusters. One of the clusters studied by Bolte is 2 billions years older than most other clusters in the galaxy, while another is 2 billion years younger. A colleague of Bolte contends that the cluster called Palomar 12 is 5 billion years younger than most other globular clusters.
    To explain the age differences among the globular clusters, astronomers are taking a second look at “renegade” theories. One such newly fashionable theory, first put forward by Richard Larson in the early 1970’s, argues that the halo of the Milky Way formed over a period of a billion or more years as hundreds of small gas clouds drifted about, collided, lost orbital energy, and finally collapsed into a centrally condensed elliptical system. Larson’s conception of a “lumpy and turbulent” protogalaxy is complemented by computer modeling done in the 1970’s by mathematician Alan Toomre, which suggests that closely interacting spiral galaxies could lose enough orbital energy to merge into a single galaxy.
选项 A、the importance of determining the age of globular clusters in assessing when the Milky Way galaxy was formed
B、recent changes in the procedure used by astronomers to study the formation of the Milky Way galaxy
C、current disputes among astronomers regarding the size and form of the Milky Way galaxy
D、the effect of new discoveries regarding globular clusters on theories about the formation of the Milky Way galaxy
E、the origin, nature, and significance of groups of stars known as globular clusters
答案 D
解析 The best answer is D. The first sentence of the passage states: “New observations about the age of some globular clusters in our Milky Way galaxy have cast doubt on a long-held theory about the how the galaxy was formed.” The second paragraph describes this long-held theory, and the third paragraph describes the new findings. The final paragraph discusses the effect of these new findings on theorizing about the formation of the galaxy. Choices A and E are incorrect-although globular clusters are discussed in the passage, they are not the primary focus. Choices B and C refer to topics not discussed in the passage.
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