首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do notclosely follow the classical r
The majority of successful senior managers do notclosely follow the classical r
游客
2024-01-13
66
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not
closely follow the classical rational model of first clari-
fying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options,
estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision,
(5) and only then taking action to implement the decision.
Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these
senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intu-
ition” to mangage a network of interrelated problems
that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency,
(10) novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the
process to thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recog-
nized that some practicing managers rely heavily on
intuition. In general, however, such writers display a
(15) poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the oppo-
site of rationality: others view it as an excuse for ca-
priciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes
of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is
(20) neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition
in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense
when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intu-
ition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.
This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based
(25) on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experi-
ence that build skills. A third function of intuition is to
synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an inte-
grated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth,
some managers use intuition as a check on the results
(30) of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are
familiar with the formal decision analysis models and
tools, and those who use such systematic methods for
reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions
suggested by these methods which run counter to their
(35) sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers
can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move
rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this
way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive
process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
(40) One of the implications of the intuitive style of execu-
tive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from
acting. Since managers often “know” what is right
before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently
act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied
(45) to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers
develop thoughts about their companies and organiza-
tions not by analyzing a problematic situation and then
acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the manage-
(50) ment issues that they face, senior managers often insti-
gate a course of action simply to learn more about an
issue. They then use the results of the action to develop
a more complete understanding of the issue. One impli-
cation of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often
(55) part of defining the problem, not just of implementing
the solution.
选项
A、speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem
B、identify a problem
C、bring together disparate facts
D、stipulate clear goals
E、evaluate possible solutions to a problem
答案
D
解析
D is the best answer. The question requires you to recognize which of the choices is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way in which senior managers use intuition. The passage does not mention stipulating goals.
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3359755.html
相关试题推荐
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
Whichofthefollowingistheclosestapproximationof[img]2011q3/ct_egmatqj_eg
Iffandgaredistinctprimenumberslessthan10,whichofthefollowingcanno
If(x-1)2=144,whichofthefollowingcouldbethevalueof2x?A、-26B、-22C、-11
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
Ifthesumoffiveconsecutiveoddintegersis5,whichofthefollowingcouldb
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements
随机试题
Althoughthetopmeninsmugglingbusinessmustworktogether,mostofasynd
盲肠癌可表现为()。A.右下腹包块 B.贫血与消瘦 C.两者皆有 D.两
下列说法中,不属于数据模型所描述内容的是()。A.数据结构 B.数据操作
某股权投资基金认缴总额为20亿元且于设立时全部实缴到位,基金收益分配约定为超额收
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
由于中性点直接接地系统供电可靠性高,所以我们110kV以上系统为直接接地系统。
某水产公司共销售甲、乙、丙、丁四种鱼类产品。其在两个季度的销售额和销售量情况如下
PTH的作用为抑制 A.溶骨B.肾小管对磷的重吸收C.肠钙吸收 D.1,2
孟子有一句话:“山径之蹊间,介然之而成路,为间不用,则茅塞之矣。”品读这寥寥数字
交警甲和无业人员乙勾结,让乙告知超载司机“只交罚款一半的钱,即可优先通行”;司机
最新回复
(
0
)