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  3. Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Califor

游客2024-01-13  34
问题     Kazuko Nakane’ s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei(first-generation immigrants)were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A re- lated institution was the "labor club," which provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
    When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’ s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporation. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain a-gricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.  Nakane’ s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation de- rives from Nakane’ s methodology that of oral history which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities? [br] Based on information in the passage, which of the following statements concerning the Alien Land Law of 1913 is most accurate?
选项 A、It excluded American-born citizens of Japanese ancestry from landowner-ship.
B、It sought to restrict the number of foreign immigrants to California.
C、It successfully prevented Issei from ever purchasing farmland.
D、It was applicable to first-generation immigrants but not to their American-born children.
E、It was passed under pressure from the Pajaro Valley’s strawberry farmers.
答案 D
解析 哪一个关于1913年的“移民土地法”的说法是正确的?见原文IA2—49。∴D正确。对于第一代移民适用，但是不适用于他们在美国出生的小孩。符合原文：移民们规避法律所用的方法就是以孩子的名义买地。A．排除了美国出生的日本人买地权。正相反。B．试图限制移民。应为限制移民购买土地。C．“successfully prevented”与原文所述相反。日本移民巧妙地将此法规避了。E．“Linder pressure from farmers”文中无。
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