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  3. Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists’ discussions of the na

Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists’ discussions of the na

游客2024-01-13  25
问题     Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists’ discussions of the nature of ethnicity. The first emphasizes the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity. In this view, people have an essential need for belonging that is satisfied by membership in groups based on shared ancestry and culture. A different conception of ethnicity de-emphasizes the cultural component and defines ethnic groups as interest groups. In this view, ethnicity serves as a way of mobilizing a certain population behind issues relating to its economic position. While both of these definitions are useful, neither fully captures the dynamic and changing aspects of ethnicity in the United States. Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a process in which preexisting communal bonds and common cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental purposes according to changing real-life situations.
    One example of this process is the rise of participation by Native American people in the broader United States political system since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960’s. Besides lead- ing Native Americans to participate more actively in politics(the number of Native American legislative officeholders more than doubled), this movement also evoked increased interest in tribal his- tory and traditional culture. Cultural and instrumental components of ethnicity are not mutually exclusive, but rather reinforce one another.
    The Civil Rights movement also brought changes in the uses to which ethnicity was put by Mexican American people. In the 1960’s, Mexican Americans formed community-based political groups that emphasized ancestral her- itage as a way of mobilizing constituents. Such emerging issues as immigration and voting rights gave Mexican American advocacy groups the means by which to promote ethnic soli- darity. Like European ethnic groups in the nineteenth-century United States, late-twentieth-century Mexican American leaders combined ethnic with contemporary civic symbols. In 1968 Henry Censors, then mayor of San Antonio, Texas, cited Mexican leader Benito Juarez as a model for Mexican Americans in their fight for contemporary civil rights. And every year, Mexican Amer- icans celebrate Cinco de Mayo as fervently as many Irish American people embrace St. Patrick’ s Day(both are major holidays in the countries of origin), with both holidays having been reinvented in the context of the United States and linked to ideals, symbols, and heroes of the United States. [br] Which is the following statements about the first two definitions of ethnicity discussed in the first paragraph is supported by the passage?
选项 A、One is supported primarily by sociologists, and the other is favored by members of ethnic groups.
B、One emphasizes the political aspects of ethnicity, and the other focuses on the economic aspects.
C、One is the result of analysis of United States populations, and the other is the result of analysis of European populations.
D、One focuses more on the ancestral components of ethnicity than does the other.
E、One focuses more on immigrant groups than does the other.
答案 D
解析 关于第一段所提对民族的两个定义：A．“favored by members of ethnic groups”。无，两个理论都是社会学家所提。B．一个关注政治，一个关注经济。不合原文。C．一个分析美国人，一个分析欧洲人。无。D．正确。一个比另一个更注重民族的祖先遗留特征。第一种更强调此点，第二种强调利益关系。E．一个比另一个更关注移民团体。无。
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