2. 职称英语
  3. In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black popu

In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black popu

游客2024-01-13  32
问题     In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants ’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
    But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous inves- tigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600, 000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to he engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits," the federal census category roughly encom- passing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
    About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery— blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries— tobacco,lumber, coal and iron manufac- ture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion lying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question. [br] In the passage, the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to her argument?
选项 A、It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration.
B、The eventual economic status of the Great Migration migrants has not been adequately traced.
C、It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of the country.
D、It is not true that the term "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits" actually encompasses the entire industrial sector.
E、Of the Black workers living in southern cities, only those in a small number of trades were threatened by obsolescence.
答案 C
解析 作者预期以下哪个主张会反驳她?A．在大迁移中，不知到底有多少人迁移。文中L2，美国黑人的10％。B．这些迁移者其后的经济地位未被准确认定。文中L22—23，随后他们在经济上缺乏灵活性。C．有固定职业的人似乎不太可能前往另一个地区。正确。L43作者通过“it is perhapssurprising”这样的让步说法来表达一种预期的别人的反对意见。D．“制造业和机械行业”包括所有工业部门。作者也没有这么说过。E．在南方城市工人中，只有少数行业有过时的危险。这一点是作者承认的事实。见第三段的叙述(35％和65％的对比)，不是作者预期的反对意见。
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