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  3. While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled

While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled

游客2024-01-13  54
问题     While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled economy into a free one, the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries were running at about ￡ 3 billion a year. By selling many of these industries, the government has decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over ￡ 34 billion from the sales, and now re- ceives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically improved overall economy, the government has been able to repay 12. 5 percent of the net national debt over a two-year period.
    In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in ev- ery area. At British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’ s and early 1980’ s have now virtually disappeared. At British Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list — as there always was before privatization — to have a telephone installed.  Part of this improved productivity has come about because the employees of privatized industries were given the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They responded enthusiast i- cally to the offer of shares; at British Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible work force bought shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work to make it prosper. At the National Freight Consortium, the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their company’s profits that during wage negotiations they actually pressed their union to lower its wage demands.
    Some economists have suggested that giving away free shares would pro- vide a needed acceleration of the privatization process. Yet they miss Thomas Paine’s point that "what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly. " In order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own resources to the choice. [br] According to the passage, which of the following resulted in increased productivity in companies that have been privatized?
选项 A、A large number of employees chose to purchase shares in their companies.
B、Free shares were widely distributed to individual shareholders.
C、The government ceased to regulate major industries.
D、Unions conducted wage negotiations for employees.
E、Employee-owners agreed to have their wages lowered.
答案 A
解析 哪一个是造成私有化企业生产率提高的原因?A．正确。雇员购买了公司股份。见原文L39—44。B．自由股大量散发，这是一些经济学家的意见，作者并不同意。C．政治不再控制主要工业。情理有，文中未提。D．工会为工人工资谈判。这和生产率提高无关。E．雇员同意降低其工资。原文L48—52确提到此现象，但这是工人关心企业利益的一个侧面表现，和劳动生产率无关。
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