2. 职称英语
  3. Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

游客2024-01-13  9
问题     Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers— women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid "women’ s work" in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less pro- found than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.
    To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s "real" aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be per- ceived as "female. "
    More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female," employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master. [br] Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?
选项 A、patient(line 29)
B、repetitive(line 30)
C、hoary(line 32)
D、homemaking(line 33)
E、purview(line 34)
答案 C
解析 对于妇女比男子更适于做细活这一观点，作者观点可用哪个词代替?作者对这个观点不很赞成，见L28—35。∴C正确。古老陈旧的。A、B、D、E都和作者态度无关。
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