2. 职称英语
  3. Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

游客2024-01-13  54
问题     Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers— women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid "women’ s work" in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less pro- found than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.
    To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s "real" aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be per- ceived as "female. "
    More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female," employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’ s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because
选项 A、the extreme variety of these occupations made it very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics about them.
B、fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work.
C、the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector.
D、women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory work.
E、employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking.
答案 E
解析 早期历史学家较少关注服务行业妇女，是因为：本题和第2题属重复出题。将上题结论(L10—13)取非。∴E正确。服务行业看起来和妇女无报酬的家务劳动太相像。A、B、C、D都不符上述推理。
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