2. 职称英语
  3. Exactly when in the early modern era Native Americans began exchanging animal fu

Exactly when in the early modern era Native Americans began exchanging animal fu

游客2024-01-12  14
问题 Exactly when in the early modern era Native Americans began exchanging animal furs with Europeans for European-made goods is uncertain. What is fairly certain, even though they left no written evidence of having done so, is that the first Europeans to conduct such trade during the modern period were fishing crews working the waters around Newfoundland. Archaeologists had noticed that sixteenth-century Native American sites were strewn with iron bolts and metal pins. Only later, upon reading Nicolas Denys’s 1672 account of seventeenth-century European settlements in North America, did archaeologists realize that sixteenth-century European fishing crews had dismantled and exchanged parts of their ships for furs.
By the time Europeans sailing the Atlantic coast of North America first documented the fur trade, it was apparently well underway. The first to record such trade—the captain of a Portuguese vessel sailing from Newfoundland in 1501—observed that a Native American aboard the ship wore Venetian silver earrings. Another early chronicler noted in 1524 that Native Americans living along the coast of what is now New England had become selective about European trade goods: they accepted only knives, fishhooks, and sharp metal. By the time Cartier sailed the Saint Lawrence River ten years later, Native Americans had traded with Europeans for more than thirty years, perhaps half a century. [br] Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author’s assertion in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
选项 A、When Europeans retraced Cartier’s voyage in the first years of the seventeenth century, they frequently traded with Native Americans.
B、Furs from beavers, which were plentiful in North America but nearly extinct in Europe, becarre extremely fashionable in Europe in the final decades of the sixteenth century.
C、Firing arms were rarely found on sixteenth-century Native American sites or on European lists of trading goods since such arms required frequent maintenance and repair.
D、Europeans and Native Americans had established trade protocols, such as body language assuring one another of their peaceful intentions, that antedate the earliest records of trade.
E、During the first quarter of the sixteenth century, an Italian explorer recorded seeing many Native Americans with what appeared to be copper beads, though they may have been made of indigenous copper.
答案 D
解析 Evaluation
The question depends on evaluating an assertion made in the passage and determining which additional evidence would most strengthen it. The first sentence of the second paragraph claims that the fur trade was well established by the time Europeans sailing the Atlantic coast of America first documented it. The passage then indicates that the first written documentation of the trade dates to 1501. Thus, evidence showing that trade had been going on for some time before 1501 would strengthen (support) the assertion.
A This evidence shows trade occurring in the first years of the seventeenth century, not prior to the first records from 1501.
B This evidence shows trade occurring in the final decades of the sixteenth century, not prior to the first records from 1501.
C This evidence does not indicate that trade took place prior to the first records from 1501.
D Correct. Evidence that trade protocols had developed before the trade was first recorded (in 1501) would strengthen support for the assertion that trade was taking place prior to the earliest documentation.
E Because the copper beads may have been made by Native Americans rather than acquired through trade with other societies, this observation would not provide evidence that trade with Europeans took place prior to 1501.
The correct answer is D.
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