首页
登录
职称英语
It may be debated whether individual neurons are "tuned" to react to
It may be debated whether individual neurons are "tuned" to react to
游客
2024-01-11
39
管理
问题
It may be debated whether individual neurons are "tuned" to react to only a
single tastant such as salt or sugar-and therefore signal only one taste
quality-or whether the activity in a given neuron contributes to the neural
Line representation of more than one taste. Studies show that both peripheral and
(5) central gustatory neurons typically respond to more than one kind of stimulus,
and although each neuron is attuned most acutely to one tastant, it usually also
generates a reaction to others with dissimilar taste qualities. How then can the
brain represent various taste qualities if each neuron is receptive to many
different-tasting stimuli?
(10) Electrophysiological studies of gustatory sensory neurons, first performed
by Pfaffmann, demonstrated that peripheral neurons are not specifically
responsive to stimuli representing a single taste quality (which might be
symbolized by the pattern of activity across gustatory neurons because the
activity of any one cell was ambiguous) but instead record a spectrum of tastes.
(15) But in the 1970s and 1980s several scientists began to accumulate data indicating
that individual neurons are tuned maximally for one taste, and they interpreted
this as evidence that activity in a particular type of cell represented a given taste
quality—an idea they called the labeled-line hypothesis. According to this idea,
activity in neurons that experience the strongest reaction to sugar would signal
(20) "sweetness," activity in those that are most sensitive to acids would signal
"sourness", and so forth.
Smith later proved that the same cells that previous researchers had
interpreted as labeled lines actually defined the similarities and differences in
the patterns of activity across taste neurons, suggesting that the same neurons
(25) were responsible for taste-quality representation, whether they were viewed as
labeled lines or as critical parts of an across-neuron pattern. These investigators
further established that the neural distinction among stimuli of different
qualities depended on the simultaneous activation of different cell types, much
as with the function of color vision, but unlike auditory perception. These and
(30) other considerations have led us to favor the idea that the patterns of activity
are key to coding taste information.
Scientists now know that things that taste similarly evoke similar patterns
of activity across groups of taste neurons. Furthermore, we can compare these
patterns and use multivariate statistical analysis to plot the similarities in the
(35) patterns elicited by various tastants. Taste researchers have generated such
comparisons for gustatory stimuli from the neural responses of hamsters and
rats and these correspond very closely to similar plots generated in behavioral
experiments, from which we may infer which stimuli taste alike and which taste
different to animals. Such data show that the across-neuron patterns contain
(40) sufficient information for taste discrimination and this may be a reasonable
explanation for neural coding in taste, though researchers continue to debate
whether individual neuron types play a more significant role in taste coding than
they do in color vision. Scientists question whether taste is an analytic sense, in
which each quality is separate, or a synthetic sense like color vision, where
(45) combinations of colors produce a unique quality. [br] It can be inferred from that passage that hearing differs from seeing and tasting because it
选项
A、is primarily analytic in its tendency to separate the qualities of different sounds from one another
B、does not rely on the operation of more than one type of neuron, unlike visual or gustatory perception
C、uses individual neurons, not groups, in order to discriminate between various stimuli
D、is primarily synthetic, in that each combination of sound produces a unique quality for the ear
E、uses neurons which respond to only a single major stimulus, without producing minor effects for minor stimuli
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3354000.html
相关试题推荐
Itseemslikeeverydaythere’ssomenewresearchaboutwhetherourfavorite
Itseemslikeeverydaythere’ssomenewresearchaboutwhetherourfavorite
Itseemslikeeverydaythere’ssomenewresearchaboutwhetherourfavo
Itseemslikeeverydaythere’ssomenewresearchaboutwhetherourfavo
Givemeyourtelephonenumber,________Ineedyourhelp.A、whetherB、unlessC、ore
Marcellahas25pairsofshoes.Ifsheloses9individualshoes,whatisthegre
Ahatcompanyshipsitshats,individuallywrapped,in8-inchby10-inchby12-i
Astudycomparingagroupofchronicallydepressedindividualswithanotherwise
Currently,thenumberoffirst-timeadmissionsofindividualsdiagnosedasmanic
Nobotanistliveslongenoughtostudythecompletelifecycleofanindividual
随机试题
Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?[br][originaltext]Isyourfamilyinter
民间禁忌(folktaboo)是人类社会普遍存在的文化现象。在中国,饮食、婚嫁、居住、社交等方面都有禁忌。有些禁忌有利于人际交往,应该提倡和发扬。比如
【B1】[br]【B3】[audioFiles]audio_eufz20076_007(20091)[/audioFiles]aware
Lettytheoldladylivedina"SingleRoomOccupancy"hotelapprovedbythe
初中溶解平衡学得不好,到了高中由于理解力增强,对化学平衡理解很深,从而促进了溶解
患者男性,32岁。3周内有野外工作史,5天前突起寒战高热,伴头痛、颜面潮红,体查
根据宪法和法律,下列有关国家机构职权的表述中哪些是错误的? A.全国人民代表大
A.酸枣仁 B.朱砂 C.磁石 D.远志 E.合欢皮治忿怒忧郁,心神不安
下图为挡土墙地板扬压力示意图,图中的Ps是指()。 A.浮托力 B
防水卷材的温度稳定性常用()指标表示。A.拉伸强度 B.脆性温度 C.
最新回复
(
0
)