首页
登录
职称英语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counte
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counte
游客
2024-01-11
13
管理
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters
some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that
hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge
Line stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be
(5) led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations.
Noting that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both
self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the
product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET (positron emission
tomography) to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to
(10) imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring
regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory
hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to
determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as
authentic and originating in the outside world.
(15) Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects
who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During
the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with
their eyes covered, their brain activity being monitored under four conditions:
at rest; while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice
(20) again; and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being
informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests
suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex
was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they
were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained
(25) dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to
blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response.
McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain
as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects
(30) benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to
these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain
structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the
brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct
from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that
(35) hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex-an area known to
be involved in pain-but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex,
where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic
pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is
(40) that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those
involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most
autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain-such as increased heart
rate-are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia. [br] Which of the following best describes the organization of the argument that the author of the passage presents in the last two paragraphs?
选项
A、Two approaches to testing a hypothesis is described, and the greater merits of each approach are compared.
B、The assumptions underlying a hypothesis are outlined, and evidence for and against the hypothesis is discussed.
C、A phenomenon is described, and hypothesis concerning its occurrence are considered and rejected.
D、The reasoning behind a hypothesis is summarized, evidence supporting the hypothesis is presented, and research that counters the supporting evidence is described.
E、A hypothesis is discussed, evidence supporting the hypothesis is revealed and qualified, and a working model derived from the hypothesis is suggested.
答案
E
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3353607.html
相关试题推荐
Theregularpriceofacertaincaris$10,000.Ifthepriceisdiscountedby20
A、neuraldegenerationmayoccurtooearlyforscientiststobeabledrawmanyus
Somescientistshaveconcludedthatnarcolepsy,adiseasewhichdisrupt
A、Warereliesuponadifferentbodyofevidencethanpreviousanthropologisthav
Althoughscientistshavelong______thehumanappendixas______organ,therei
Scientistsstudyingtheeffectoflargevolcaniceruptionsonglobalcl
A、AnassumptionbasedonevidencealreadypresentedB、Aconcessiontotheviewo
Scientistshave______foryearsthatturbulencewithinthegaseouscloudsfound
Themostcompellingevidenceoftherisksofcarcinogeniceffectsof
Themostcompellingevidenceoftherisksofcarcinogeniceffectsof
随机试题
Therearemorethan300millionofusintheUnitedStates,andsometimesit
Ihaveworkedwithsomanypeopleovertheyearsthathavemademewonderho
Shewashurtby__________________(她深深敬重的同事的冷漠).theindifferenceofaco-worker
隧道诱导设施的位置和高度偏差测量用()。A.水准仪 B.经纬仪 C.平板仪
关于细菌营养分型不正确的叙述是A.腐生菌是以元生命的有机物质作用营养物质,它不属
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
2012年,某省规模以上工业增加值10875亿元,比上年增长7.1%,月度增速从
老王因犯罪服刑10年,最近刑满释放,回到了家里。但是,妻子早已和他离婚带着孩子走
企业将一项以摊余成本计量的金融资产重分类为其他金融资产时,下列相关处理不正确的是
在宏观层面上,项目社会评价的目的有( )。A.促进不同地区之间的公平协调发展
最新回复
(
0
)