首页
登录
职称英语
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
游客
2024-01-11
8
管理
问题
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the
world; only "proper nouns" have specific and unique referents in the everyday
Line world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the
(5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While
each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication
requires general categories or "universals". Anyone who has attempted to
communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with
the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of
(10) lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to
classes of things such as "buildings" or to concepts like "construction".
We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we
group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of
"function words" or grammatical words, such as "only" and "under" which do
(15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other than
simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas
exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the
introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming
things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas
(20) well.
The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing
ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the
sign systems which we use; "reality" is created by the media which seem simply
(25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories;
categories do not exist in "the world" .e.g. "where are the boundaries of a
cloud; when does a smile begin". Such an emphasis on reality as invariably
perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do
seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently
(30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer to "the same thing" but
reflect different evaluations of it. For example, "one person’s ’hovel’ is
another person’s ’home’"
Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this
sense, "reality" or "the world" is created by the language we use: this
(35) argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the
radical stance that "the real world" is a product of our sign systems, we must
still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world
and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the
known world at all. Thus, all words are "abstractions", and there is no direct
(40) correspondence between words and "things" in the world. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the author is LEAST likely to agree with which of the following?
选项
A、Words can be categorized into different grammatical functions.
B、Some relationship between signifier and signified can be articulated.
C、Every signifier points to a single pre-existing signified.
D、Words may name imaginary, non-physical things.
E、The use of categories is essential to the operation of language.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352802.html
相关试题推荐
Theyhavedonethingstheyought______.A、nottodoB、nottobedoneC、nottoha
Mistakesarethethingsthatnobodywants,butwestillmakemistakesatany
Mistakesarethethingsthatnobodywants,butwestillmakemistakesatany
Therearefewthingsworseforanewparentthanlisteningtoababyscreaminh
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Itwasonceassumedthatalllivingthingscouldbedividedintotwofundame
Peoplecannotbemorallyresponsibleforthingsoverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.
随机试题
如果承建单位项目经理由于工作失误导致采购的设备不能按期到货,施工合同没有按期完成
某设备购建于2014年,历史成本为10万元,2018年进行评估,经调查已知同类资
出口押汇是贸易中以托收、赊账方式结算货款时,出口方为了避免收款风险而采用的一种请
A.补气摄血 B.养血安神 C.养血调经 D.滋阴清热 E.益气升阳固冲
每于黎明之前腹中微痛,痛即泄泻,或肠鸣而不痛,每晨一次或数次,腹部和下肢微寒,辨
雄黄内服的用量用法是A.0.1~0.5g.煎服 B.0.1~0.5g,入丸
证券公司应当就资产管理业务的运营制定内部检查制度,定期进行自查。证券公司应当按月
上海证券交易所的网络投票系统以申报股数代表表决意见,申报1股代表同意,申报2股
某项目投资方案的现金流量如下图所示,基准收益率i=10%。从投资回收期的角度评价
根据《水工建筑物地下开挖工程施工技术规范》DL/T5099-2011,下列关于隧
最新回复
(
0
)