首页
登录
职称英语
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, b
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, b
游客
2024-01-11
73
管理
问题
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or pred-
line ators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may
5 be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters.
To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined
10 the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or "body reserves"; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a sig-
15 nificantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body 20 reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if
25 they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. [br] Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the energy costs of singing.
选项
答案
Sentence 9
解析
Only two sentences in the relevant portion of the passage contain information that might be considered to be empirical results. The last sentence of the first paragraph contains information about increases in energy consumption but only the last sentence of the second paragraph provides results in support of the only hypothesis in the passage, that nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thus, sentence 9("Thomas found . . . high")is the correct choice.
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3351873.html
相关试题推荐
Fiftyyearsago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun______sightsee
Bigdatacanbedefinedasinformationthatistoobigorcomplextobe
Bigdatacanbedefinedasinformationthatistoobigorcomplextobe
Bigdatacanbedefinedasinformationthatistoobigorcomplextobe
Inananimalbehaviorexperiment,50taggedwhitepigeonsand200taggedgraypi
Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarin
Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversem
Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversem
Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversem
41.Residentsofanapartmentcomplexareconsideringtwopossibleplansforco
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?M:Yes,please.I’manewstuden
[A]benefits[I]flourishing[B]commissions[J]saddle[C]extravagant[K]i
Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyarei
D
图示悬臂梁自由端承受集中力偶M。若梁的长度减小一半,梁的最大挠度是原来的: A
某教师在教文言文《强项令》时,提了一个问题:“课文题目中的‘强项’是什么意思?”
简述创造人格的培养策略。
男性,40岁,右上腹受伤致肝破裂。神志清楚,上腹部明显压痛,面色苍白,四肢湿冷,
下列各项中,既包含在M2中又包含在M1中的是()。A.单位活期存款 B.单位
在多套工艺装置中,“三废”排放与预处理不包括()。A.废气 B.废水
最新回复
(
0
)